| 韩泽东,李相儒,毕峰,秦勇,徐钢,屠翰,吴伟祥.我国农村生活垃圾分类收运模式探究——以杭州市为例[J].农业环境科学学报,2019,38(3):688-695. |
| 我国农村生活垃圾分类收运模式探究——以杭州市为例 |
| Classified collection and transportation patterns of rural domestic wastes in China: A case study of Hangzhou |
| 投稿时间：2018-06-08 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2018-0758 |
| 中文关键词: 农村生活垃圾 垃圾组成特征 垃圾分类 源头分类方法 分类收运 |
| 英文关键词: rural domestic wastes(RDWs) waste composition characteristics waste classification source classification method classified collection and transportation |
| 基金项目:国家水体污染与治理重大专项（2014ZX07101-012）；杭州市农办项目（515401-C51701） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探索适宜推广的农村生活垃圾分类收运方法，以杭州市的10个行政村为调研对象，通过座谈访问、问卷调查、实地检测以及生活垃圾物理组成分析等方式，研究杭州市农村生活垃圾组成特征，以验证其源头分类方法的适用性，并分析不同分类收运方式对垃圾分类工作的影响，从经济性、运行状况以及管理与社会评价等方面综合评估杭州市农村主要的生活垃圾分类收运模式。结果表明：杭州市农村生活垃圾中主要组分为厨余类、纸类、橡胶塑料类、纺织类、灰土类和玻璃类，分别占垃圾总量的55.9%、9.0%、10.8%、5.7%、4.0%和7.2%；易腐垃圾、有害垃圾和可回收物的比例分别为55%、1%和20%，且易腐垃圾适于用堆肥化方式处理；在农村生活垃圾分类工作推进初期，"二分法"（分为易腐垃圾和其他垃圾两类）是较理想的源头分类方法；杭州市农村生活垃圾主要通过3种模式分类收运，且采用不同的分类收运模式明显影响了垃圾分类工作的经济成本和易腐垃圾的有效收运比例，显著影响了基层管理执行人员的管理效能、农村居民分类投放垃圾的正确率及其对垃圾分类工作的接受度。研究表明，在农村生活垃圾分类工作实施初期，较适宜的分类收运方法是上门收运农户门前分类垃圾桶中易腐垃圾和其他垃圾。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore appropriate methods for the classification, collection, and transportation of rural domestic wastes (RDWs), a field investigation concerning the potential impact factors on waste classification was carried out at 10 villages in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. A physical composition analysis of RDWs showed that kitchen wastes, paper, rubber and plastics, textiles, dust, and glass were the main components, accounting for 55.9%, 9.0%, 10.8%, 5.7%, 4.0%, and 7.2% of the total weight, respectively. The proportions of putrescible wastes, which were suitable for disposal by composting, recyclables, and hazardous wastes in RDWs were 55%, 20%, and 1%, respectively, in Hangzhou. Accordingly, dichotomy (dividing domestic wastes into putrescible wastes and other wastes) was a comparatively feasible source classification method during the promotion stage of RDW classification. With the implementation of this source classification method, RDWs were generally collected and transported through three patterns in rural Hangzhou. An economic evaluation indicated that the adoption of different collection and transportation patterns resulted in a discrepancy in the cost of RDW classification. An operational status evaluation revealed that adopting different patterns had an evident impact on the effective collection ratio of putrescible wastes, and a significant effect on the source classification accuracy of RDWs. In addition, management and social evaluations illustrated that the pattern choice had significant effects on the management efficacy of grassroots management executives, and public acceptance toward waste classification. This study indicated that door-to-door collection and transportation of both putrescible wastes and other wastes was relatively suitable during the early stage of RDW classification. |
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