| 江滔,常佳丽,马旭光,李国学.堆肥中不同氮素原位固定剂的综合比较研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(2):369-375. |
| 堆肥中不同氮素原位固定剂的综合比较研究 |
| Comprehensive comparison of different nitrogen in situ conservation agents during composting |
| 投稿时间：2017-07-16 修订日期：2017-09-19 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2017-0996 |
| 中文关键词: 堆肥 氨气 鸟粪石 温室气体 成本 |
| 英文关键词: composting ammonia struvite greenhouse gas cost |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（41201282）；国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0800601） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 2582 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为综合比较磷酸+氧化镁（PMO）、过磷酸钙（SP）和磷酸（PA）等3种氮素原位固定剂在堆肥化过程中对氮素损失控制、温室气体排放、堆肥品质以及成本的差异，进而选择合适的氮素原位固定剂，试验以猪粪和玉米秸秆为原料，采用强制通风模式（通风率均为0.25 L·kg-1 DW·min-1），在60 L发酵罐中进行模拟堆肥。结果表明，PMO处理能降低55.4%的NH3排放，但对N2O和CH4排放无显著影响；PMO堆肥产品充分腐熟，最终产品的晶体中鸟粪石相对含量达到78.3%。SP处理能降低37.5%的NH3和76.4%的CH4排放，对N2O无显著影响；氮素主要以氨氮形式固定。SP处理的成本最低，计算固定营养元素的价值后可实现利润4.0元·t-1。PA的NH3挥发率最低，仅为初始总氮的12.4%，但因氨氮积累导致堆肥未能彻底腐熟。鸟粪石沉淀技术是控制堆肥化过程中氮素损失的重要技术，在未来的研究中应当寻找磷酸的替代材料，以降低该技术的成本。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Different nitrogen in situ conservation agents, including H3PO4+MgO(PMO), superphosphate(SP), and phosphoric acid(PA), were systematically evaluated in terms of their effects on nitrogen loss control, greenhouse gas emissions during composting, and compost product quality and cost. Pig feces and maize straw were chosen as the raw materials. Sixty-liter composting vessels were used and the aeration rates were all set to 0.25 L·kg-1 DW·min-1. The application rate of the PMO and PA treatments was 15%(mole ratio) of initial total nitrogen. Compared with the CK treatment(without any additives), the PMO treatment could reduce the NH3 emissions by 55.4%, but showed no significant effect on the N2O and CH4 emissions. The composting product of the PMO treatment could be thoroughly decomposed, with the relative quantity of struvite reaching 78.3%. The SP treatment could reduce the NH3 and CH4 emissions by 37.5% and 75.0%, respectively, without any influence on N2O emissions. Calculation of the cost of nutrients conserved in the compost showed that the highest profit of 4 CNY·t-1 was obtained in the SP treatment. Although the PA treatment had the lowest NH3 emission rate(12.4% of initial TN), it conserved the nitrogen in the form of ammonium, which caused the premature termination of the compost. Even though struvite precipitation technology plays a key role in nitrogen loss control during composting, the high cost of PA prevents widespread utilization of this technology. In general, it is necessary to find cheaper alternative materials as alternatives to PA in future studies. |
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