| 张丛光,韩建聪,邱凌,朱铭强,成嘉.基于能值方法的“五配套”生态果园可持续性评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(2):276-285. |
| 基于能值方法的“五配套”生态果园可持续性评价 |
| Energy method-based evaluation of the sustainability of the “Five-in-One” ecological orchard system |
| 投稿时间：2017-08-15 修订日期：2017-11-22 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2017-1106 |
| 中文关键词: 能值分析 "五配套"模式 沼气循环农业 可持续性 生态系统评估 |
| 英文关键词: energy analysis the "Five-in-One" model biogas-linked circular agriculture sustainability ecosystem assessment |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51576167） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 2463 |
| 全文下载次数: 3609 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 为了揭示“五配套”生态果园模式的可持续发展潜力，以“猪-沼-粮”、沼气生态村及单一苹果种植模式为参照，应用能值方法对研究区内“五配套”生态果园系统进行能值评价和温室效应减排分析。结果表明：“五配套”生态果园整体上符合其他各类沼气循环农业系统的典型特征，即自我更新能力强、环境负载小、生产效率及投资收益率高、系统可持续性强。“五配套”系统的环境负荷率（0.16）明显低于单一苹果种植系统的环境负荷率（2.77），而能值产出率与“猪-沼-粮”系统类似，分别是11.10与11.89，均显著高于单一苹果种植系统的2.69，这表明该模式的建设对环境的破坏力较小，能够取得良好的经济和生态效益。然而，该系统的能值废弃率为1.03×10-3，显著高于其他沼气系统，且能值投资率偏低（4.76），可见该模式对自然资源的利用程度较低，系统内能值流动性不强。系统的ESI指数为69.10，相比沼气生态村系统和单一苹果种植系统具有更强的环境可持续性，充分体现了“五配套”生态果园模式良好的系统活力和发展潜能。此外，通过对系统生命周期温室气体排放量进行分析，发现其具有整体上的GHG减排效益，且潜力高达1 251.99 kg CO2-eq·a-1，减排效益来源主要是猪粪发酵、沼肥农用以及燃煤替代。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The "Five-in-One" orchard is a typical biogas-linked agro-ecosystem and circular agricultural model that has social, ecological, and economic benefits. To investigate the model's inherent energy characteristics and system performances, the present study evaluated the sustainability of the system's development and productivity using a pig-biogas-grain(PBG) system, biogas ecological village(BEV) system, and single apple planting(SAP) system. The project was located in Chengcheng County, Shaanxi, which is located on the Guanzhong Plain. The system was generally analogous to other biogas-linked circular agriculture models with higher self-renewal ability, smaller environment load, higher production efficiency, and stronger sustainability. The environmental load ratio of the studied "Five-in-One" orchard system was 0.16, which was significantly lower than that of the SAP system(2.77) and similar to that of the PBG system. In addition, the energy yield ratios of the "Five-in-One" orchard system and the PBG system were 11.10 and 11.89, respectively, which were both higher than that of the SAP system(2.69). This indicates that the construction of the "Five-in-One" orchard systems would be less harmful to the environment than traditional apple production systems and would provide favorable economic and ecological benefits. However, the "Five-in-One" system had a higher energy waste ratio(1.26%) than either the PBF or BEV systems and a lower energy investment ratio(4.76). This is likely because the development and utilization of local natural resources were low and the energy feedback of the system was weak. The ESI value of the system was 69.10, which indicated better environmental sustainability than the BEC and SAP systems and fully reflected the strong vitality and development potential of the "Five-in-One" orchard system. Based on overall accounting, the reduction in greenhouse gas(GHG) emission was favorable, with a total reduction potential of as high as 1 251.99 kg CO2-eq per year. The GHG reductions generated by biogas utilization and bio-slurry fertilization were 975.42 kg and 1 290.79 kg CO2-eq, respectively, and the results suggested that anaerobic processes were the greatest contributor of the system to GHG reduction. Meanwhile the GHG emission of the other projects increased. |
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