| 畅凯旋,叶丽丽,陈永山,蒋金平.广西喀斯特地区土壤多金属胁迫对水稻重金属积累及生理特性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(1):27-35. |
| 广西喀斯特地区土壤多金属胁迫对水稻重金属积累及生理特性的影响 |
| Impact of high concentrations of heavy metals in agricultural soil on heavy metals accumulation and physiological characteristics of rice(Oryza sativa L.) in karst areas in Guangxi, China |
| 投稿时间：2017-06-30 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2017-0919 |
| 中文关键词: 喀斯特 多金属复合污染 水稻 重金属积累 植物酶活性 |
| 英文关键词: karst multiple heavy metals pollution rice (Oryza sativa L.) heavy metals accumulation plant enzyme activity |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41261098，41661097）；广西自然科学基金项目（2015GXNSFAA139237） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了解喀斯特地区农田土壤中重金属复合污染对水稻生长的影响，通过盆栽试验，研究了不同重金属污染程度下，多金属胁迫对水稻植株的株高、生物量、生理指标[超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性和叶绿素（Chl）、丙二醛（MDA）含量]的影响及水稻对重金属的积累特征。结果表明，土壤综合污染负荷指数PLI （Pollution load index）与水稻株高、生物量呈显著负相关（P<0.05），当PLI为5.96时，水稻植株在苗期逐渐枯黄并死亡。与无污染对照（CK）相比较，重金属污染程度Ⅰ~Ⅴ处理的水稻株高分别降低了32.79%、30.99%、69.14%、63.40%和73.55%，地上生物量分别减少42.89%、37.77%、93.44%、79.98%和85.88%，且差异显著（P<0.05）。随PLI增加，水稻对重金属积累增加，水稻植株地下部分重金属含量大于地上部分，且重金属积累量Zn > Cd > Pb > Hg > As，水稻对重金属生物累积系数BCF表现为Cd > Hg > Zn > As > Pb。PLI与叶片POD活性呈显著正相关，与SOD活性及MDA含量呈正相关，与Chl含量呈负相关。其中PLI为4.36时，水稻幼苗叶片中SOD活性达最大值235.02 U·g-1 FW，PLI为5.96时，水稻幼苗叶片中POD活性和MAD含量达到最大，分别为155.54 U·g-1 FW和41.48 nmol·g-1 FW。多金属胁迫下，水稻能够通过抗氧化酶系统减少植株受到的损害，但当污染负荷指数过大、影响水稻生长的时候，水稻就会死亡。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of multiple heavy metals stress on the growth of rice plants in agricultural soil of karst areas. The influence of different levels of heavy metals pollution in agricultural soil was investigated with respect to plant height and biomass, heavy metals accumulation in rice plants, and physiological parameters, including the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD), and the contents of chlorophyll(Chl) and malondialdehyde(MDA). The results showed that the plant height and biomass of rice were significantly(P<0.05) reduced with an increase of the pollution load index(PLI), and the rice plant gradually died at an early stage when the PLI was 5.96. Compared with controls(no pollution), the plant height of rice in treatments I to V was reduced by 32.79%, 30.99%, 69.14%, 73.55%, and 63.40%, and the above-ground biomass was reduced by 42.89%, 37.77%, 93.44%, 79.98%, and 85.88%, respectively. Both the plant height and biomass showed significant differences among the five treatments(P<0.05). The concentrations of heavy metals in the below-ground part of the rice plants were higher than those in the above-ground parts. The accumulation levels of heavy metals were in the order of Zn > Cd > Pb > Hg > As, whereas the bioaccumulation coefficients(BCF) were in the order of Cd > Hg > Zn > As > Pb. Significantly positive correlations were found between PLI and POD, SOD, and MDA in the leaves. However, PLI was negatively correlated with the Chl content. The maximum level of SOD was 235.02 U·g-1 FW at PLI=4.36, and the maximum levels of POD and MDA were 155.54 U·g-1 FW and 41.48 nmol·g-1 FW, respectively, at PLI=5.96. Damage to rice caused by multiple metals pollution in the soil could be reduced through the antioxidant enzyme system, but the pollution nevertheless caused gradual death when the PLI was too high to allow for rice growth. |
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