不同灌水模式和施氮处理下稻田N<sub>2</sub>O排放通量及其与硝化-反硝化细菌数量的关系

裴自伟; 陈意超; 李伏生; 黄忠华; 罗维刚

文章摘要

裴自伟,陈意超,李伏生,黄忠华,罗维刚.不同灌水模式和施氮处理下稻田N₂O排放通量及其与硝化-反硝化细菌数量的关系[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(12):2561-2568.

不同灌水模式和施氮处理下稻田N₂O排放通量及其与硝化-反硝化细菌数量的关系

The relationship between N₂O emission flux from paddy fields and nitrifying-denitrifying bacteria under different irrigation methods and nitrogen treatments

投稿时间：2017-05-25

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2017-0749

中文关键词: 灌水模式有机无机氮肥配施 N₂O排放排放通量

英文关键词: irrigation methods combined application of organic and inorganic N fertilizers N₂O emission flux

基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51469003）

作者	单位	E-mail
裴自伟	广西大学农学院, 南宁 530004 广西喀斯特地区节水农业新技术院士工作站, 南宁 530004 广西高校作物栽培学与耕作学重点实验室, 南宁 530004
陈意超	广西大学农学院, 南宁 530004 广西喀斯特地区节水农业新技术院士工作站, 南宁 530004 广西高校作物栽培学与耕作学重点实验室, 南宁 530004
李伏生	广西大学农学院, 南宁 530004 广西喀斯特地区节水农业新技术院士工作站, 南宁 530004 广西高校作物栽培学与耕作学重点实验室, 南宁 530004	zhenz@gxu.edu.cn,lpfu6@163.com
黄忠华	南宁市灌溉试验站, 南宁 530001
罗维刚	南宁市灌溉试验站, 南宁 530001

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中文摘要:

为获得减少稻田N₂O排放的合适灌溉模式和施氮管理，通过大田试验，研究了不同灌溉方式和施氮处理对生育期内稻田N₂O排放通量和不同时期土壤无机氮含量和硝化-反硝化细菌数量的影响，并分析了采样当天稻田N₂O排放通量与无机氮含量和硝化-反硝化细菌数量的关系。试验设3种灌溉方式，即常规灌溉（CI）、"薄浅湿晒"灌溉（TI）和干湿交替灌溉（DI），以及2种施氮处理，即全部施用尿素（RN1）和50%尿素+50%猪粪（RN2），2种施氮处理氮用量相同。相同施氮处理下，TI模式可以降低稻田N₂O排放；DI和TI模式土壤无机氮含量、硝化细菌数量和亚硝化细菌数量较CI方式高，而CI和TI模式土壤反硝化细菌数量较DI模式高。相同灌水模式下，RN1处理可显著降低稻田N₂O排放，且RN1处理土壤无机氮含量、硝化细菌数量、亚硝化细菌数量和反硝化细菌数量较RN2处理低。稻田N₂O排放通量与土壤反硝化细菌、硝化细菌数量和NH₄⁺-N含量之间均呈极显著正相关关系（r ≥ 0.309，P<0.01），且土壤NH₄⁺-N含量与硝化细菌数量和反硝化细菌数量之间也均呈极显著正相关关系（r ≥ 0.555，P<0.01）。因此，"薄浅湿晒"灌溉和尿素处理可以降低稻田N₂O排放，且稻田N₂O排放通量受到土壤NH₄⁺-N含量、反硝化细菌数量和硝化细菌数量的综合影响。

英文摘要:

To develop a suitable irrigation method and nitrogen (N) management approach for reducing N₂O emissions from paddy fields, the effect of different irrigation methods and N treatments on the N₂O emission flux from paddy fields over an entire growth period was investigated. To achieve this, the inorganic N content and number of nitrifying-denitrifying bacteria in the soil at different growth stages were determined using field experiments. The relationship between the N₂O emission flux from paddy fields and the inorganic N content as well as the number of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria was analyzed for each sampling day. The field experiment included three irrigation methods, namely, conventional irrigation (CI), "thin-shallow-wet-dry" irrigation (TI), and alternate drying and wetting irrigation (DI). Two N treatments, namely, 100% urea (RN1) and 50% urea + 50% pig manure (RN2) were also used at the same N application rate. For the same N application, the TI method was found to reduce the N₂O emission flux from paddy fields. The DI and TI methods were found to have a higher number of nitrate and nitrite bacteria as well as inorganic N content than the CI method. The CI and TI methods were found to increase the number of denitrifying bacteria compared to the DI method. Under the same irrigation method, the RN1 treatment was found to decrease the N₂O emission flux significantly, and the RN1 treatment decreased the number of nitrate, nitrite, and denitrifying bacteria, as well as the inorganic N content compared to the RN2 treatment. There were significant positive correlations between the N₂O emission flux from paddy fields and the NH₄⁺-N content, as well as the number of nitrate bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in the soil. Significant positive correlations were also observed between the NH₄⁺-N content and the number of nitrate bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in the soil. Therefore, it is shown that the "thin-shallow-wet-dry" irrigation method and urea treatment can reduce the N₂O emission flux from paddy fields, and the N₂O emission flux was affected by the NH₄⁺-N content and number of nitrate bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in the soil.

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