氮肥品种和含水量对水稻土N<sub>2</sub>O排放速率及排放过程的影响

席瑞泽; 付庆灵; 杨永强; 尤锦伟; 朱俊; 胡红青; 叶磊

文章摘要

席瑞泽,付庆灵,杨永强,尤锦伟,朱俊,胡红青,叶磊.氮肥品种和含水量对水稻土N₂O排放速率及排放过程的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(12):2553-2560.

氮肥品种和含水量对水稻土N₂O排放速率及排放过程的影响

Effects of nitrogen fertilization and water content on the process and rate of N₂O emission in paddy soils

投稿时间：2017-05-31

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2017-0768

中文关键词: N₂O 水稻土自养硝化异养硝化非生物作用

英文关键词: N₂O paddy soils autotrophic nitrification heterotrophic nitrification abiotic nitrification

基金项目:湖北省自然科学基金项目（2015CFB481）

作者	单位	E-mail
席瑞泽	华中农业大学资源与环境学院, 武汉 430070
付庆灵	华中农业大学资源与环境学院, 武汉 430070	fuqingling@mail.hzau.edu.cn
杨永强	华中农业大学资源与环境学院, 武汉 430070
尤锦伟	华中农业大学资源与环境学院, 武汉 430070
朱俊	华中农业大学资源与环境学院, 武汉 430070
胡红青	华中农业大学资源与环境学院, 武汉 430070
叶磊	荆门市漳河管理局团林灌溉试验站, 湖北荆门 448800

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中文摘要:

稻田是全球重要的N₂O排放源，氮肥有效性和水分状况是影响稻田N₂O排放的关键因素。为探明水稻土在施用尿素和硫酸铵时，水分变化对短时间内N₂O总排放速率及不同硝化过程（自养硝化、异养硝化、非生物作用）贡献的影响，通过室内培养实验，采用乙炔抑制法，测定了不同时间段N₂O释放量，并计算释放速率。结果表明：施用氮肥可以显著提高自养硝化、异养硝化及总过程的N₂O排放速率，并且施尿素处理N₂O排放速率大于施硫酸铵。随着土壤水分含量由48%增加至160%，总N₂O排放速率以及自养硝化、异养硝化N₂O排放速率显著增加。供试水稻土N₂O的产生主要是由生物过程主导的，其中硝化作用（包括自养硝化、异养硝化）最高贡献达51.1%，非生物作用贡献所占比重很小。这些结果可为科学施肥，降低农田土壤N₂O排放提供科学依据。

英文摘要:

Paddy soil is an important source of N₂O emission, and nitrogen availability and soil moisture are the key factors affecting the emission of N₂O. The influence of nitrogen form (urea and ammonium sulfate) and water content on the attribution of autotrophic, heterotrophic, and abiotic nitrification to N₂O emission from the paddy soil was investigated under simulated conditions by using the acetylene inhibition method to measure the N₂O emission rate at different stages. The results showed that the nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the rate of N₂O emission by autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification processes and the total process. The N₂O emission of the soil treated with urea was higher than that of the soil treated with ammonium sulfate. With the soil moisture content ranging from 48% to 160%, the total N₂O emissions and the amount of N₂O emitted by autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification processes increased significantly. The production of N₂O is mainly dominated by the biological processes. The highest contribution of the biological nitrification process (including autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification) reached 51.1%, but the contribution of abiotic nitrification was relatively less. These results provide a scientific base for improving the nitrogen-use efficiency of rice plants and for reducing the agricultural greenhouse-gas emission in paddy soils.

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