| 张国,逯非,赵红,杨广斌,王效科,欧阳志云.我国农作物秸秆资源化利用现状及农户对秸秆还田的认知态度[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(5):981-988. |
| 我国农作物秸秆资源化利用现状及农户对秸秆还田的认知态度 |
| Residue usage and farmers' recognition and attitude toward residue retention in China's croplands |
| 投稿时间：2016-11-25 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2016-1505 |
| 中文关键词: 覆盖还田 机械粉碎还田 秸秆焚烧 秸秆还田 燃料 饲料 |
| 英文关键词: residue mulching crushing return residue burning residue retention fuel feed |
| 基金项目:中国科学院科技服务网络计划项目（STS计划）；国家自然科学基金项目（41361091）；中国科学院青年创新促进会资助项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了了解我国秸秆利用现状，实施了全国性问卷调查，并结合国家统计数据进行分析，研究结果表明：2011年我国9种主要作物（水稻、小麦、玉米、高粱、马铃薯、油菜、向日葵、棉花和甘蔗）的秸秆总产量为778 Mt，其中焚烧27%、还田38%、燃料17%、饲料14%、其他用途4%；山东、河北和河南的还田量之和占全国的一半；还田方式主要是机械粉碎还田，还田量占全国全部还田量的67%。农户支持还田的原因是改善土壤质量和提高作物产量，反对原因是机械成本增加、病虫害加重和影响下季作物种植。因此，应因地制宜发展不同的秸秆资源化利用模式和还田方式，加强技术研发、宣传培训和政策扶持等。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To clarify the situation of crop residue usage in China, we carried out a farmer survey across the country. Based on the survey and national statistical data, our results indicated that the national total residue product of nine major crops (rice, wheat, corn, sorghum, potato, cotton, rapeseed, sunflower, and sugarcane) was 778 Mt in 2011. On a national scale, the percentages of residue burning, retention, fuel, feed, and other usage were 27%, 38%, 17%, 14%, and 4%, respectively. The total amount of residue retention in Shandong, Henan, and Hebei Provinces accounted for approximately half of the national residue retention, 67% of which was attributed to crushing return. As for farmers' recognition of, and attitude toward, residue retention, the supporters mainly addressed improvement of soil quality and crop yield, while the objectors complained of increasing economic cost, crop disease exacerbation, and lower sowing quality of the next crop. To avoid resource waste and environmental pollution, differentiated approaches toward residue usage and retention should be conducted, accompanied by measurements of publicity and training, technology development, and policy support across China. |
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