基质氮磷含量对莕菜（Nymphoides peltatum）生长及其水质的影响

杨 鑫; 张启超; 孙淑雲; 施 娴; 陈开宁

文章摘要

杨鑫,张启超,孙淑雲,施娴,陈开宁.基质氮磷含量对莕菜（Nymphoides peltatum）生长及其水质的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(6):1197-1203.

基质氮磷含量对莕菜（Nymphoides peltatum）生长及其水质的影响

Influence of Sediment Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Growth of Nymphoides peltatum and Water Quality

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2014.06.021

中文关键词: 富营养化莕菜生长基质氮磷生物量形态响应

英文关键词: eutrophication Nymphoides peltatum nitrogen and phosphorus biomass morphological responses

基金项目:

作者	单位
杨鑫	中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点试验室，南京 210008
张启超	中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点试验室，南京 210008
孙淑雲	中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点试验室，南京 210008
施娴	中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点试验室，南京 210008
陈开宁	中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点试验室，南京 210008

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中文摘要:

选取太湖东、西山之间水域底泥作为基质，以该基质（TN 1 520.12 mg·kg-1, TP 544.27 mg·kg-1）为本底，加入KNO3和K2HPO4以及泥沙，配置5 个不同营养水平基质：A（TN 627.47 mg·kg-1，TP 237.38 mg·kg-1）；B（TN 1 094.23 mg·kg-1，TP 317.72 mg·kg-1）；C（原位底泥）；D（TN 2 047.83 mg·kg-1，TP 738.37 mg·kg-1）；E（TN 2 537.20 mg·kg-1，TP 942.37 mg·kg-1）。通过分析5种营养条件下莕菜（Nymphoides peltatum）形态变化及水质参数变化，探讨不同营养水平基质对莕菜生长及其对水质的影响。试验结果表明：原位底泥C处理下莕菜植株生物量、叶片数、总叶片面积等形态指标（除根系生物量）均优于其余4个处理，且差异显著（P<0.05），高营养基质E中莕菜生长明显受到抑制；不同处理下莕菜对水质影响的差异较大，高营养水平E下水质状况明显差于A~D处理下，其中水体溶解氧、叶绿素a含量以及浊度均达到显著水平（P<0.05）。每个处理下，水体TN、TP去除率在莕菜生长初期快、中期下降；A~D处理下，后期去除率提高；高浓度E处理下，后期莕菜腐烂速率快于生长速率，水体TN、TP去除率进一步下降，水质恶化。结果分析可知，基质营养较低或较高均不利于莕菜生长且莕菜环境效应差，而如今太湖的基质营养适中，可能导致莕菜种群在太湖进一步扩张，由此带来的生态问题需得到重视。

英文摘要:

Sediments can release nutrients into the water and thus impact the growth of floating plants. An experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of sediment nitrogen and phosphorus on the growth of floating-leafy macrophyte Nymphodies peltatum and water quality. Sediments were collected between Dongshan and Xishan of East Taihu Lake. Five levels of total nitrogen（TN） and total phosphorus（TP） were obtained by adding KNO3, K2HPO4 and sand. They were （A）：TN 627.47 mg·kg-1 and TP 237.38 mg·kg-1; （B）：TN 1 094.23 mg·kg-1 and TP 317.72 mg·kg-1;（C）：TN：1 520.12 mg·kg-1 and TP：544.27 mg·kg-1（in situ sediment）;（D）：TN 2 047.83 mg·kg-1 and TP 738.37 mg·kg-1; and（E）：TN 2 537.20 mg·kg-1 and TP 942.37 mg·kg-1. The results showed that aboveground biomass, leaf number and leaf area of N. peltatum were significantly higher in the sediment C than in other four sediments（P<0.05）. However, the growth of N. peltatum was inhibited in the sediment E. Water quality of sediment E was worst with dissolved oxygen（DO）, chlorophyll a（Chl. a） content and turbidity significantly different from the others（P<0.05）. Removal rates of TN and TP from water by N. peltatum were greater at the early growth stage, less at later stage, and even negative at final stage. Our results indicate that sediments with lower or higher TN and TP would be unfavorable for the growth of N. peltatum. Best growth of N. peltatum in the situ sediments from Taihu Lake is the reason that caused its expansion in East Taihu Lake. Therefore, attention should be paid to the resultant ecological problems.

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