焦军霞,杨 文,李裕元,彭福元,鲁耀雄,崔新卫,吴金水.有机肥化肥配施对红壤丘陵区稻田土壤氮淋失特征的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(6):1159-1166. |
有机肥化肥配施对红壤丘陵区稻田土壤氮淋失特征的影响 |
Impact of Combined Manure and Chemical Fertilization on Nitrogen Leaching from Paddy Field in Red Earth Hilly Area of China |
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DOI:10.11654/jaes.2014.06.016 |
中文关键词: 亚热带 稻田土壤 有机肥化肥配施 氮素淋失 面源污染 |
英文关键词: subtropics paddy soil manure-fertilizer combined application nitrogen leaching non-point source pollution |
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中文摘要: |
化肥过量施用导致土壤养分累积引起的氮(N)磷(P)淋失是农业面源污染的重要形式。基于有效提高养殖废弃物的资源化利用率和保护地下水水质等目的,通过田间小区试验研究了有机肥(M)与化肥(F)不同配施比例对100 cm深度稻田土壤N淋失特征的影响。结果表明:在整个晚稻生长期内,渗漏水中不同形态溶解态N浓度的动态变化不尽一致,其中总氮(TN)和铵态氮(NH+4-N)的浓度在每次施肥之后1~3 d出现淋失高峰,最大分别达到1.985、1.165 mg N·L-1,而硝态氮(NO-3-N)浓度的变化比较平缓,无明显峰值。就组成成分而言,NH+4-N为淋失TN的主要成分,平均占54.2%;其次是有机态氮(ON),占45.1%;NO-3-N浓度很低(< 0.2 mg N·L-1),仅占0.7% 。随着有机肥比例的增高,晚稻产量表现为显著(P<0.05)的先增后降变化趋势,与TN及NH+4-N淋失量和淋失率的变化趋势相似,但N的峰值比产量略有滞后。综合考虑施肥的增产作用与土壤N的淋失风险,研究区稻田化肥与有机肥的配比采用7∶3较为适当。 |
英文摘要: |
Excessive applications of chemical fertilizers cause nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) leaching and thus agricultural non-point source pollution. Here, we conducted a field experiment to study the impact of manure(M) and chemical fertilizer(F) combination on soil N leaching at a depth of 100 cm in paddy field in red earth hilly area, Hunan Province of China. The results showed that the peak concentrations of total nitrogen(TN) and ammonium nitrogen(NH+4-N) in leachates occurred 1~3 d after fertilizer addition and the maximum values were 1.985 mg N·L-1 and 1.165 mg N·L-1 for TN and NH+4-N, respectively. However, nitrate(NO-3-N) concentrations in the leachates were at a relatively low level(<0.02 mg N·L-1) and varied little without any obvious peaks. Of TN in the leachates, NH+4-N was the main form(54.2%), followed by organic nitrogen(45.1%) and NO-3-N least(0.7%). The grain yield of late rice increased in treatments with manure ratios of 0 to 30%, but decreased with 30% to 60% of total nitrogen addition. Leaching amounts and rates of TN and NH+4-N showed similar trends during growth of late rice. Taking into consideration of rice yield and leaching risk of soil N, an application ratio of 7∶3 chemical to manure fertilizer is recommended in the studied area. |
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