规模化秸秆沼气发酵反应器中微生物群落特征

张 蕾; 梁军锋; 崔文文; 杜连柱; 高文萱; Xinmei Feng; Anna Schnürer

文章摘要

张蕾,梁军锋,崔文文,杜连柱,高文萱,Xinmei Feng,Anna Schnürer.规模化秸秆沼气发酵反应器中微生物群落特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(3):584-592.

规模化秸秆沼气发酵反应器中微生物群落特征

Characteristics of Microbial Communities in Full-scale Biogas Digesters with Straw as Substrate

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2014.03.027

中文关键词: 规模化秸秆沼气微生物群落Ｔ－ＲＦＬＰ克隆文库

英文关键词: full-scale biogas production from straw microbial community T-RFLP cloning library

基金项目:

作者	单位
张蕾	天津大学环境科学与工程学院，天津 300072
梁军锋	农业部环境保护科研监测所，天津 300191
崔文文	农业部环境保护科研监测所，天津 300191
杜连柱	农业部环境保护科研监测所，天津 300191
高文萱	农业部环境保护科研监测所，天津 300191
Xinmei Feng	瑞典农业与环境工程研究所，乌普萨拉瑞典 75007
Anna Schnürer	瑞典农业大学微生物系，乌普萨拉瑞典 75007

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中文摘要:

采用末端限制性多态性分析（T-RFLP）和克隆文库构建相结合的研究方法，对以秸秆为唯一或主要原料的四个沼气发酵反应器中的细菌和古菌群落特征进行分析，结果表明：（1）供试秸秆沼气反应器中细菌种类十分丰富，分属于9个门，其中厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）与拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）为优势种群，在四个沼气反应器中的相对丰度分别为19.3%~47.2%、4.8%~24.3%与2.5%~15.5%。水解与发酵性细菌为各反应器中的优势种群；（2）古菌种类明显少于细菌，均属于甲烷杆菌纲（Methanobacteria）和甲烷微菌纲（Methanomicrobia）。在以秸秆为唯一原料的反应器中，甲烷鬃菌属（Methanosaeta）为优势种群，相对丰度为69.2%~71.9%；而在添加猪粪的反应器中，甲烷八叠球菌属（Methanosarcina）为优势种群，相对丰度为73.1%。

英文摘要:

In China, low biogas yield and poor system stability have seriously affected the popularization of biogas production with straw as substrate. Understanding microbial processes and their interaction in biogas digesters is a prerequisite to improving efficiency and stability of biogas production. In this study, characteristics of bacterial and archaeal community structures in full-scale biogas digesters with straw as mono or major substrates were studied using terminal restriction polymorphism analysis（T-RFLP） and cloning library construction. The diversity of bacterial community was rich, belonging to nine phyla. Among them, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were dominant, with the relative abundance of 19.3%~47.2%, 4.8%~24.3% and 2.5%~15.5% respectively. Hydrolytic and fermentative bacteria were dominant population. The species of archaeal population was much less than that of bacterial population, belonging to Methanobacteria and Methanomicrobi. Methanosaeta was the dominant population in the digesters with straw as mono-substrate, and the relative abundance was 69.2%~71.9%. However, Methanosarcina was the dominant population with the relative abundance of 73.1% in the digester with straw and pig manure mixture as substrates.

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