东北地区鲤、鲫、草鱼肌肉中重金属含量评价

覃东立; 汤施展; 白淑艳; 郑 敏; 王海涛; 陈中祥; 吴 松; 牟振波

文章摘要

覃东立,汤施展,白淑艳,郑敏,王海涛,陈中祥,吴松,牟振波.东北地区鲤、鲫、草鱼肌肉中重金属含量评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(2):264-270.

东北地区鲤、鲫、草鱼肌肉中重金属含量评价

Heavy Metal Concentrations in Muscle of Fishes from the Northeast China

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2014.02.009

中文关键词: 鱼重金属评价电感耦合等离子体－质谱

英文关键词: fish heavy metals evaluation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

基金项目:

作者	单位
覃东立	中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所，哈尔滨 150070
汤施展	中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所，哈尔滨 150070
白淑艳	中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所，哈尔滨 150070
郑敏	中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所，哈尔滨 150070
王海涛	中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所，哈尔滨 150070
陈中祥	中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所，哈尔滨 150070
吴松	中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所，哈尔滨 150070
牟振波	中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所，哈尔滨 150070

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中文摘要:

2012年8月至9月，在东北三省的哈尔滨、绥化、齐齐哈尔、长春、舒兰、前郭、沈阳、铁岭、辽阳9个市县45家鱼场采集鲤鱼、草鱼、鲫鱼共计177个样品，利用微波消解－电感耦合等离子体－质谱法检测样品中As、Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn 7种重金属（含类金属As）含量。这7种重金属元素在不同鱼类肌肉中残留范围分别为nd~0.534、nd~0.175、nd~1.76、nd~ 0.130、nd~0.521、nd~2.00 mg·kg-1和1.68~27.2 mg·kg-1（湿重）。7种重金属在3种鱼体中的平均含量均低于限量标准，但个别样品鱼体肌肉中As、Cd和Pb含量超出国家水产品质量安全标准，超标率分别为0.6%、1.1%和9.0%。Pb超标样品多来自于局部区域或个别渔场。东北地区3种鱼肌肉中7种重金属综合污染指数（MPI）在0.113~0.163之间，三种鱼肌肉中的Zn、As、Hg的含量存在极显著差异（P<0.01），鲫鱼体内重金属总体含量明显高于鲤鱼和草鱼，不同省份之间鱼体肌肉的Cr含量存在极显著差异（P<0.01），吉林省明显低于黑龙江省和辽宁省。研究结果反映了东北三省养殖的3种大宗商品鱼类重金属的污染状况，对了解该地区水产品质量安全状况以及开展环境及水产品安全评价等提供了参考依据。

英文摘要:

Common carp（Cyprinus carpio）, crucian carp（Carassius carpio）and grass carp（Ctenopharyngodon idellus） were collected from 45 fisheries distributed in the nine cities of the Northeast China. Concentrations of heavy metals in muscle of 177 fish samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn concentrations ranged from nd~0.534, nd~0.175, nd~1.76, nd~0.130, nd~0.521, nd~2.00, and 1.68~27.2 mg·kg-1（wet weight）, respectively. Their mean concentrations were below the National Standards of Aquatic Product Safety. However, As, Cd and Pb exceeded the Standards in some fish samples, with 0.6%, 1.1% and 9.0% of the fish samples, respectively. The indexes of heavy metal pollution were 0.113~0.163. No evidence of obvious metal pollution in fishes was found in the studied area, with an exception of Pb, whose pollution was detected in some regions or fisheries. Fish Zn, As, and Hg concentrations differed significantly among three species（P<0.01）, with higher concentrations in crucian carp than in other two. The concentrations of Cr in fish muscle varied significantly in different provinces（P<0.01）, with lowest value found in Jilin. Our results provide the current status of heavy metals in three main economic fish species.

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