生物炭对青枯病烟株的根际土壤微生物群落结构调控机制分析

冯慧琳; 付兵; 任天宝; 杜君; 徐辰生; 曾强; 徐茜; 刘国顺

文章摘要

生物炭对青枯病烟株的根际土壤微生物群落结构调控机制分析

Analysis and mechanism of biochar on soil microbial community structure of tobacco bacterial wilt

Received:January 08, 2021

DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2021.0018

中文关键词: 土壤，根际，细菌群落，生物炭，青枯病，微生物调控

英文关键词: soil, rhizosphere, bacterial community, biochar, bacterial wilt, micro-ecological regulation

基金项目:国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFD0200808）；福建省烟草公司科技项目（NYK2017-02）；河南青年骨干教师项目（2020GGJS047）

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
FENG Huilin	Tobacco College of Henan Agricultural University/Henan Biochar Engineering Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China Henan Biochar Technology Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China
FU Bing	Nanping City Tobacco Company of Fujian Province, Nanping 353000, China
REN Tianbao	Tobacco College of Henan Agricultural University/Henan Biochar Engineering Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China Henan Biochar Technology Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China	tianbao1016@126.com
DU Jun	Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
XU Chensheng	Nanping City Tobacco Company of Fujian Province, Nanping 353000, China
ZENG Qiang	Nanping City Tobacco Company of Fujian Province, Nanping 353000, China
XU Qian	Nanping City Tobacco Company of Fujian Province, Nanping 353000, China	1046548297@qq.com
LIU Guoshun	Tobacco College of Henan Agricultural University/Henan Biochar Engineering Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China Henan Biochar Technology Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China

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中文摘要:

烟草青枯病是一种细菌性病害，对烟株生长危害严重，为探究烟株发病后土壤微生物群落结构变化及其生物学调控机制，采用大田试验方法，设置ZCTR（常规施肥，健康烟株的根际土壤）、ZCSW（施加1.2 t·hm^-2生物炭，健康烟株的根际土壤）、QKTR（常规施肥，青枯病烟株的根际土壤）和QKSW（施加1.2 t·hm^-2生物炭，青枯病烟株的根际土壤）4个处理，研究细菌群落结构的差异。结果表明，生物炭施用后细菌α多样性升高，但差异不显著，细菌群落丰富度和菌群结构均有所改变。相同施肥条件下，青枯病烟株的根际土壤细菌α多样性和群落丰富度均小于健康烟株根际土壤；未添加生物炭的青枯病烟株根际土壤与健康烟株根际土壤相比，芽单胞菌门、酸杆菌门的丰度增加0.26、1.27个百分点，变形菌门、放线菌门的丰度降低1.08、0.14个百分点。施用生物炭后烟株的株高、叶长、叶宽、茎围分别较未添加生物炭处理增加了11.83%、16.88%、6.70%、10.80%，同时降低了烟株的病害指数，施加生物炭处理青枯病的发病率较未施加生物炭处理低9.1个百分点。研究表明，生物炭的施用会缓解青枯病带来的细菌丰富度下降，减少致病性细菌门类的相对丰度，并驱动功能促生性细菌（芽单胞菌门）相对丰度增加，从而降低青枯病发病率。研究初步明确了生物炭对植烟土壤青枯病微生态调控的作用机制。

英文摘要:

As tobacco bacterial wilt is a bacterial disease that is increasingly harmful to tobacco plants' growth, it is of great significance to explore the changes in the soil microbial community structure and its biological regulation mechanism after tobacco plant suffers from bacterial wilt. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the differences of bacterial community structure among four treatments: ZCTR(conventional fertilization, rhizosphere soil of healthy tobacco plants), ZCSW(application of 1.2 t·hm^-2 biochar, rhizosphere soil of healthy tobacco plants), QKTR(conventional fertilization, rhizosphere soil of bacterial wilt tobacco plants), and QKSW(application of 1.2 t·hm^-2 biochar, rhizosphere soil of bacterial wilt tobacco plants). After the biochar application, the bacteria's α diversity increased, albeit without a significant difference. The bacterial community richness and structure changed. Under the same fertilization conditions, the bacterial α diversity and community abundance of bacterial wilt tobacco plants in the rhizosphere soil were less than those of healthy soil. The bacterial α diversity and community richness of the rhizosphere soil of diseased tobacco plants without biochar were higher than that of healthy tobacco plants, the abundance of Gemmatimonadetes and Acidobacteria increased by 0.26 and 1.27 percent points, while the abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased by 1.08 and 0.14 percent points. Compared with no biochar treatment, the plant height, leaf length, leaf width and stem girth of the biochar application treatment increased by 11.83%, 16.88%, 6.70% and 10.80%, respectively, and the disease index decreased. The incidence rate of the bacterial wilt was reduced by 9.1 percent points with the biochar application treatment compared with the no biochar treatment. Studies have shown that biochar application can alleviate the decline in bacterial abundance caused by bacterial wilt, reduce the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria, and drive the increase in the relative abundance of functional growth-promoting bacteria(Gemmatimonadetes). This reduces the incidence of bacterial wilt and preliminarily clarifies the biochar's mechanism on the micro-ecological regulation of bacterial wilt in tobacco-growing soil.

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