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| 尼山水库小流域典型面源污染来源及特征分析 |
| Analysis of sources and characteristics of typical non-point pollution in a small watershed of Nishan reservoir, China |
| Received:February 01, 2021 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2021.0067 |
| 中文关键词: 尼山水库，面源污染，径流小区，污染特征，源头治理 |
| 英文关键词: Nishan reservoir, non-point source pollution, runoff plot, pollution characters, source management |
| 基金项目:山东省水文局资助项目（HYHA2019-0731，SDGP370000201902002236） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | WANG Liping | Hydrological Bureau of Shandong Province, Jinan 250002, China | | | LOU Shanchong | Hydrological Bureau of Shandong Province, Jinan 250002, China | | | SUN Xiuling | School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China | | | YIN Erqin | College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai′an 271018, China | yinerqin@sdau.edu.cn | | SUN Jiayu | College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai′an 271018, China | 1536929371@qq.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了研究面源污染对尼山水库水环境的影响，在掌握水库和主要入库河流水质现状的基础上，取样分析了不同土地利用类型（玉米地、花生地、红薯地、核桃林地和村庄地面）面源污染的特点，并通过划定径流小区研究不同土地利用类型（村庄和玉米地）在降雨过程中污染物的流失规律。结果表明：2016—2019年的48个月中，尼山水库富营养化率高达89.58%，3条主要入库河流中，张马河和母庄河总氮（TN）超标严重；玉米地和花生地氮、磷污染严重，其中TN分别超Ⅴ类标准2.05倍和0.93倍，总磷（TP）分别超标1.38倍和3.08倍，红薯地和核桃林地污染相对较轻，村庄地面以有机物污染为主，其化学需氧量（CODCr）在5种不同土地利用类型中最高（32.0 mg·L-1）；在降雨过程中，村庄和玉米地径流小区的CODCr、TN、氨氮（NH3-N）和TP流失均呈先上升后下降的趋势，村庄的CODCr流失浓度为9.0~43.0 mg·L-1，玉米地TN的流失浓度为1.38~3.40 mg·L-1，TP的流失浓度为0.28~1.25 mg·L-1，污染物最高浓度集中在降雨初期。研究表明，土地利用类型对面源污染影响较大，尼山水库小流域面源污染应重点关注小麦-玉米地的氮磷流失和初期雨水的防控。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To study the influence of non-point source pollution on the water environment of Nishan reservoir, China, the pollution characteristics of different land use types(corn field, peanut field, sweet potato field, walnut forest, and village)were analyzed based on the water quality of Nishan reservoir and inflow rivers, and pollutant loss in different land use types(village and corn fields)was analyzed using delimiting runoff plots. The results showed that the eutrophication rate of Nishan reservoir was 89.58% during January 2016 to December 2019, and total nitrogen(TN)of Zhangma River and Muzhuang River greatly exceeded the Ⅴ level of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water(GB 3838—2002). Nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in corn and peanut fields was high; in these fields, the TN exceeded the Ⅴ standard by 2.05 and 0.93 times, and the total phosphorus(TP)exceeded by 1.38 and 3.08 times, respectively. The pollutant in the village was mainly organic matter, and chemical oxygen demand(CODCr)(32.0 mg·L-1)was the highest. During rainfall, the loss of pollutants(CODCr, TN, NH3-N, and TP)in the village and corn field runoff plots first showed an increasing and then a decreasing trend. The loss concentration of CODCr was 9.0~43.0 mg·L-1 in the village. TN was 1.38~3.40 mg·L-1 and TP was 0.28~1.25 mg·L-1 in the corn field. The highest loss of pollutants occurred early during rainfall. Our results indicated that land use types have a great effect on non-point source pollution. The loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in wheat-corn field should be focused, and initial rainwater should be prevented and treated. |
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