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| 长期有机无机肥配施对红壤性水稻土微生物生物量和有机质结构的影响 |
| Effect of long-term organic manure application combined with chemical fertilizers on soil microbial biomass and organic matter structure in red paddy |
| Received:October 12, 2020 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2020.0584 |
| 中文关键词: 长期施肥，红壤，双季稻田，微生物生物量碳，微生物生物量氮，核磁共振 |
| 英文关键词: long-term fertilization, red soil, double cropping paddy field, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, nuclear magnetic resonance |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划课题（2018YFD0200703，2017YFD0200702）；国家自然科学基金项目（32060725，31460544）；江西省现代农业协同创新项目（JXXTCX202001） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LAN Xianjin | National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation(The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanchang 330200, China | | | LIU Yiren | National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation(The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanchang 330200, China | | | HOU Hongqian | National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation(The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanchang 330200, China | | | LÜ Zhenzhen | National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation(The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanchang 330200, China | | | JI Jianhua | National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation(The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanchang 330200, China | | | FENG Zhaobin | National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation(The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanchang 330200, China | | | LIU Xiumei | National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation(The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanchang 330200, China | lxm3392@163.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究长期有机无机肥配施对红壤性水稻田作物产量、土壤微生物生物量及有机碳分子结构的影响，以始于1984年的江西红壤性水稻田长期定位试验为平台，选取的试验处理包括：不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（NPK）和等养分条件下70%化肥配施30%有机肥（NPKM1）、50%化肥配施50%有机肥（NPKM2）、30%化肥配施70%有机肥（NPKM3），采用固体13C核磁共振测定了土壤有机碳组分含量，分析了土壤化学指标和土壤微生物生物量碳（Microbial biomass carbon，MBC）和微生物生物量氮（Microbial biomass nitrogen，MBN）。结果表明，连续34年的不同施肥处理显著影响了水稻产量、土壤微生物生物量及土壤有机碳（SOC）分子结构。与NPK处理相比，有机肥配施（NPKM1、NPKM2、NPKM3）提高了水稻产量，增幅为6.5%~7.7%（P>0.05），中低有机肥配施比例（30%和50%）稳产效果更优。长期单施化肥使土壤严重酸化，而配施有机肥可减缓土壤酸化。长期施肥处理MBC和MBN较CK处理分别显著提高17.0%~71.1%和104.1%~267.0%，但MBC/MBN下降，有机无机肥配施处理较NPK处理提高了微生物熵。长期单施化肥主要提高了烷基碳的相对含量，而配施有机肥同时提高烷基碳和烷氧碳（甲氧基/含氮烷基碳）含量，有利于土壤活性有机质累积。Pearson相关性分析表明土壤微生物生物量与SOC、氮磷养分指标及甲氧基/含氮烷基碳呈显著或极显著正相关，与芳基碳和羧基碳呈显著负相关。冗余分析显示SOC、有效磷、速效钾及烷基碳等对水稻产量的影响较大。研究表明，在供试条件下，长期实行中低比例有机肥配施化肥有利于提高土壤养分和土壤微生物生物量，并改善土壤有机质结构，是维持作物高产和提升土壤质量的有效施肥措施。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study aimed to explore the effects of long-term organic manure application combined with chemical fertilizers on rice yield, soil microbiological properties, and the molecular structure of organic carbon in red paddy under 34-years of long-term fertilization. Five treatments were selected:no fertilizer(CK), nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers(NPK), 70% NPK fertilizers combined with 30% organic manure(NPKM1), 50% NPK fertilizers combined with 50% organic manure(NPKM2), and 30% NPK fertilizers combined with 70% organic manure(NPKM3). Long-term organic manure fertilization combined with chemical fertilizers increased rice yield from 2008 to 2017, which was higher than NPK treatment with 6.5%~7.7%(P>0.05), and the combined application of manure with a low and middle proportion(e.g., 30% and 50%) was optimal. Long-term single application of chemical fertilizers induced severe acidification, but organic manure application alleviated acidification. The soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were raised under long-term fertilization by 17.0%~71.1% and 104.1%~267.0%, respectively, but their ratio was decreased. Meanwhile, the soil microbial quotient was increased in treatments with manure application. 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that long-term single application of chemical fertilizers improved the relative content of alkyl C, whereas combined application of manure further improved O-alkyl C(mainly OCH3/NCH C), thus providing more benefit for accumulation of the labile organic matter. Furthermore, Pearson analysis indicated that there was significant positive relationship between soil microbiological properties and soil organic carbon, nitrate and phosphorus and OCH3/NCH C; While the soil microbiological properties were negatively related to aromatic and carbonyl C. The redundancy analysis showed that the factors which influence rice yield were in the order of soil organic carbon, available phosphorus, available potassium and alkyl C. Under the experimental conditions, the combined application of chemical fertilizers with organic manure at a low and middle proportion was more beneficial to the maintenance of high rice yield, raised soil microbial biomass and improved the molecular structure of soil organic matter. |
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