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| 典型喀斯特地区土壤重金属累积特征及环境风险评价 |
| Accumulation characteristics and environmental risk assessment of heavy metals in typical karst soils |
| Received:August 17, 2020 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2020.0434 |
| 中文关键词: 土壤重金属，累积，生态风险，健康风险，风险评价，喀斯特地区 |
| 英文关键词: soil heavy metals, accumulation, ecological risk, health risk, risk assessment, karst area |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金委员会-贵州省人民政府喀斯特科学研究中心项目（U1612442）；贵州省科技计划项目（黔科合基础[2020]1Y186） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LIU Nanting | College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China | | | LIU Hongyan | College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China | | | WU Pan | College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, China | | | LUO Guangfei | College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China | | | LI Xuexian | College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China | xxli5@gzu.edu.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 基于225个样点分析了贵州省不同地区（自然背景区、农业种植区和矿区）表层土壤重金属As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn的含量、分布及累积特征，采用地积累指数（Igeo）对土壤重金属污染水平进行评价，并根据潜在生态风险指数（RI）及人体健康风险评估模型评估了不同分区土壤重金属暴露的生态风险和人体健康风险水平。结果表明：贵州省不同分区表层土壤中重金属含量差异较大，与贵州省土壤背景值相比，农业种植区土壤Hg、Zn、Cd和As累积特征明显；矿区土壤Hg、Zn、Cd、Pb和As累积特征较显著，平均含量分别是贵州省土壤背景值的52.55、23.22、16.32、14.48倍和4.85倍。Igeo值显示自然背景区土壤重金属处于无污染水平，而农业种植区各重金属主要处于无污染或无-中污染水平，矿区污染程度较突出，重金属Hg、Zn、Cd、Pb达到中污染水平，特别是在黔西北和铜仁等矿产资源分布区。综合生态风险评价结果表明，矿区土壤中重金属生态风险水平远高于农业种植区和自然背景区，矿产资源集中分布区土壤重金属生态风险较高，部分样点达到高生态风险水平。单一重金属潜在生态风险评价结果显示，农业种植区和矿区土壤中Hg、Cd、Pb和As为主要风险因子，Cr和Cu处于低风险状态。人体健康风险评估结果显示，矿区的人体健康风险高于农业种植区，农业种植区和矿区土壤对成人的非致癌风险在可接受范围内，但致癌风险不可忽视，对儿童的非致癌风险与致癌风险均高于成人。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, 225 topsoil samples were collected from different areas(natural background, agricultural planting, and mining areas) in Guizhou Province to systematically investigate the concentrations, distribution, and accumulation characteristics of heavy metals As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn. Based on this, the potential ecological risk index(RI) and human health risk assessment were used to assess the ecological risk level and human health risk of heavy metal exposure in different areas. Results indicated that the concentrations of heavy metals in the topsoil of different regions in Guizhou Province were significantly different. Compared with the corresponding background value of soil in Guizhou Province, the accumulations of Hg, Zn, Cd, and As in agricultural planting area soil were significant. The mean concentrations of Hg, Zn, Cd, Pb, and As in the soil of mining areas were 52.55, 23.22, 16.32, 14.48, and 4.85 times of the soil background values of Guizhou Province, respectively. The geoaccumulation index(Igeo) values showed that the heavy metals in the soil of the natural background areas were uncontaminated, while the pollution from heavy metals in the agricultural planting areas were at uncontaminated or uncontaminated to moderately contaminated levels. The heavy metals contaminated levels were more prominent in the mining area, and the pollution of Hg, Zn, Cd and Pb reached moderately contaminated levels. especially in the mineral resources distribution areas, such as northwest Guizhou and Tongren areas. The RI results showed that the ecological risk levels of heavy metals in the soil of the mining area were considerably higher than those in agricultural planting areas and natural background areas. The ecological risks of heavy metals in the soil of mineral-resource concentrated-distribution areas were relatively high, with some samples were in high ecological risk levels. The potential ecological risk assessment of single heavy metal revealed that Hg, Cd, Pb, and As were the main risk factors in the soil of agricultural planting and mining areas, while Cr and Cu were in low risk levels. The health risk assessment results indicated that the non-carcinogenic risks existing in soils of agricultural planting and mining areas to adults were acceptable, but the carcinogenic risk could not be neglected. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to children were evident. The overall human health risks in mining areas were higher than those in agricultural planting areas, and the human health risks for children were higher than those for adults. |
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