有机肥替代部分化肥结合外源硒对白术的促生作用

周武先; 张美德; 王华; 段媛媛; 艾伦强; 黄东海; 罗孝荣; 张宇

文章摘要

有机肥替代部分化肥结合外源硒对白术的促生作用

Benefits of partially substituting mineral fertilizers with organic manure combined with foliar selenium on the growth of Atractylodes macrocephala Koizd.

Received:May 01, 2020

DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2020.0228

中文关键词: 白术，有机肥，外源硒，叶片，功能性状，土壤性质

英文关键词: Atractylodes macrocephala, organic manure, exogenous selenium, leaf, functional characteristics, soil properties

基金项目:湖北省农业科学院青年科学基金项目（2019NKYJJ13）；湖北省技术创新专项（民族专项）（2019AKB092）；湖北省中央引导地方科技发展专项（2018ZYYD013）

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
ZHOU Wu-xian	Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445000, China
ZHANG Mei-de	Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445000, China	emailtoecho@163.com
WANG Hua	Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445000, China
DUAN Yuan-yuan	Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445000, China
AI Lun-qiang	Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445000, China
HUANG Dong-hai	Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445000, China
LUO Xiao-rong	Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445000, China
ZHANG Yu	Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445000, China	15496883@qq.com

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中文摘要:

为探讨有机肥替代部分化肥结合喷施外源硒对白术生长的影响及其可能作用机理，采用大田试验，设置喷施清水（CK）、有机肥替代部分化肥结合喷施清水（OM）、有机肥替代部分化肥结合喷施5 mg·m^-2硒肥（OM+5Se）、有机肥替代部分化肥结合喷施10 mg·m^-2硒肥（OM+10Se）和有机肥替代部分化肥结合喷施15 mg·m^-2硒肥（OM+15Se）五个处理，考察不同处理对白术叶功能性状、产量和土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明，OM、OM+5Se、OM+10Se和OM+15Se显著增加白术的叶面积，增幅分别为12.3%、25.3%、22.5%和10.4%。OM+5Se和OM+10Se处理显著增加白术叶干质量，增幅分别为10.7%和13.0%。OM+5Se处理显著增加白术叶片比叶面积，增幅为13.0%。OM+5Se和OM+10Se处理显著降低白术叶片长宽比，降幅分别为15.6%和18.4%。OM、OM+5Se、OM+10Se和OM+15Se显著增加白术产量，增幅分别达到37.3%、121.7%、91.7%和65.2%。在施用有机肥的基础上，外源喷施硒肥对白术生长整体表现为促进作用，但促生效果呈现低浓度上升、高浓度下降的趋势。相关性分析表明，通过测定白术的叶功能性状可初步了解白术的生长情况。与对照相比，其他四种处理显著增加白术根际土壤的有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量。综上表明，有机肥替代部分化肥或有机肥替代部分化肥结合喷施外源硒肥均能促进白术生理生长，提高白术产量，且以有机肥替代部分化肥结合喷施5 mg·m^-2硒肥对白术的促生效果最好。

英文摘要:

To explore the effects of applying organic manure combined with foliar Se on the growth of Atractylodes macrocephala, and the possible mechanism thereof, an experiment using five different treatments was conducted to determine the effects of the treatments on leaf growth(a functional characteristic of leaves), yield and rhizospheric soil properties. The five treatments were as follows:spraying with distilled water(CK); mineral fertilizers partially substituted with organic manure combined with spraying of distilled water(OM); mineral fertilizers partially substituted with organic manure combined with spraying 5 mg·m^-2 foliar Se(OM + 5Se); mineral fertilizers partially substituted with with organic manure combined with spraying 10 mg·m^-2 foliar Se(OM+10Se); and mineral fertilizers partially substituted with organic manure combined with spraying 15 mg·m^-2 foliar Se(OM+15Se). The results showed that compared with the CK, the OM, OM + 5Se, OM + 10Se and OM + 15Se treatments significantly increased the leaf area of A. macrocephala by 12.3%, 25.3%, 22.5%, and 10.4%, respectively. The OM + 5Se and OM + 10Se treatments produced a marked increase in leaf dry weight, of 10.7% and 13.0%, respectively, while also decreasing the leaf length width ratio by 15.6% and 18.4%, respectively. The OM + 5Se treatment increased the specific leaf area significantly, by 13.0%. The OM, OM + 5Se, OM + 10Se and OM + 15Se treatments also increased the yield of A. macrocephala significantly, by 37.3%, 121.7%, 91.7%, and 65.2%, respectively. The promotion of the growth in A. macrocephala leaves by the application of foliar Se(based on the application of organic manure) showed an increasing trend when Se was applied at low levels but a decreasing trend when Se was at high levels. Correlation analysis showed that the growth of A. macrocephala could be understood preliminarily by measuring its leaf functional characteristics. The OM, OM + 5Se, OM + 10Se and OM + 15Se treatments significantly increased the content of organic matter, alkaline N, and available P and K in the rhizospheric soil of A. macrocephala, compared with the CK. Thus, the application of both mineral fertilizers only partially substituted with organic manure and that combined with foliar Se treatments all increased the growth and yield of A. macrocephala. The application of mineral fertilizers partially substituted with organic manure combined with 5 mg·m^-2 foliar Se was the optimal treatment.

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