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| 冬季作物-双季稻轮作模式资源利用效率及经济效益比较研究 |
| Comparative study on resource utilization efficiency and economic benefits of winter crop-double cropping rice rotation system in Hunan Province |
| Received:January 07, 2020 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2020.0013 |
| 中文关键词: 冬季作物，双季稻，轮作，资源利用效率，经济效益 |
| 英文关键词: winter crop, double cropping rice, rotation, resource utilization efficiency, economic benefit |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划专项（2016YFD0300208） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | ZHANG Fan | Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Changsha 410125, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 湖南省是长江中游双季稻主产区，冬季作物-双季稻轮作模式是该区重要的三熟种植制度。为优化种植模式、促进资源高效利用及农民增收，开展了13年的长期冬季作物-双季稻轮作种植定位试验，分析比较冬闲-双季稻、马铃薯-双季稻、黑麦草-双季稻、紫云英-双季稻、油菜-双季稻5种轮作模式的光热资源利用效率、NPK养分资源利用效率及经济效益。结果表明：马铃薯-双季稻模式年总光能利用率显著高于其他模式；马铃薯-双季稻模式轮作周年光能生产效率比黑麦草-双季稻、紫云英-双季稻、油菜-双季稻模式分别显著提高了0.16、0.18、0.21 g·MJ-1（P<0.05），轮作周年积温生产效率比黑麦草-双季稻、紫云英-双季稻、油菜-双季稻模式分别显著提高了1.24、1.36、1.52 kg·hm-2·℃-1·d-1（P<0.05）。各模式轮作周年P养分干物质生产效率差异不显著（P>0.05）；各轮作模式周年N养分干物质生产效率大小依次为马铃薯-双季稻（73.23） > 冬闲-双季稻（69.84） > 油菜-双季稻（68.30） > 黑麦草-双季稻（65.47） > 紫云英-双季稻（60.99）；各轮作模式周年K养分干物质生产效率大小依次为紫云英-双季稻（70.63） > 冬闲-双季稻（66.10） > 油菜-双季稻（57.58） > 黑麦草-双季稻（56.37） > 马铃薯-双季稻（47.91）。各轮作模式的早、晚稻NPK偏生产力差异不显著（P>0.05），晚稻NPK收获指数差异显著（P<0.05）。各轮作模式经济效益大小依次为马铃薯-双季稻>油菜-双季稻>黑麦草-双季稻>紫云英-双季稻>冬闲-双季稻。马铃薯-双季稻模式为高投入高产出型，黑麦草-双季稻和油菜-双季稻模式为低投入中产出型，紫云英-双季稻模式为低投入低产出型。综合来看，马铃薯-双季稻模式适合在湖南双季稻区推广应用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Hunan is the main double cropping rice production area in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. A long-term experiment of a winter crop-double cropping rice rotation system began in 2004 on a red paddy soil in Hunan Province. The experiment consisted of five treatments, including fallow-double cropping rice, potato-double cropping rice, ryegrass-double cropping rice, milk vetch-double cropping rice, and rape-double cropping rice, with three replicates of all the treatments. In order to optimize winter crop-double cropping rice rotation pattern, promote efficient use of resources, and increase farmers' income, the efficiencies of solar radiation and heat resource, and the economic benefit of the five rotation systems were analyzed and compared in 2017. The annual solar radiation use efficiency of potato-double cropping rice rotation system was significantly higher than other models. Compared with ryegrass-double cropping rice, milk vetch-double cropping rice, and rape-double cropping rice, solar radiation productive efficiency of potato-double cropping rice rotation system was significantly increased by 0.16, 0.18 g·MJ-1, and 0.21 g·MJ-1, respectively. The accumulated heat productive efficiency of the potato-double cropping rice rotation system was significantly increased by 1.24, 1.36 kg·hm-2·℃-1·d-1, and 1.52 kg·hm-2·℃-1·d-1, respectively. There were no significant differences in phosphorus nutrient biomass production efficiency of the five rotation systems. The order of nitrogen nutrient biomass production efficiency was potato-double cropping rice(73.23) > fallow-double cropping rice(69.84) > rape-double cropping rice(68.30) > ryegrass-double cropping rice(65.47)> milk vetch-double cropping rice(60.99). The order of potassium nutrient biomass production efficiency was milk vetch-double cropping rice(70.63) > fallow-double cropping rice(66.10) > rapedouble cropping rice(57.58) > ryegrass-double cropping rice(56.37) > potato-double cropping rice(47.91). There was no significant differences in the NPK partial factor productivity of early rice and late rice in the five rotation systems(P>0.05), and there was a significant difference in the NPK harvest index of late rice(P<0.05). The order of the economic benefits was potato-double cropping rice>rapedouble cropping rice>ryegrass-double cropping rice>milk vetch-double cropping rice>fallow-double cropping rice. The potato-double cropping rice was high input and high output type, ryegrass-double cropping rice and rape-double cropping rice were low input and middle output type, and milk vetch-double cropping rice was low input and low output type. The results indicate that the potato-double cropping rice rotation system is suitable for popularization and application in Hunan double cropping rice area. |
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