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| 生物降解地膜降解性能对南疆棉田籽棉产量形成的影响 |
| Effects of degradation properties of different biodegradable films on cotton yield formation in southern Xinjiang |
| Received:September 18, 2019 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2019.0470 |
| 中文关键词: 生物降解地膜，降解率，干物质积累，产量，水分利用效率 |
| 英文关键词: biodegradable mulching film, degradation rate, dry matter accumulation, yield, water use efficiency |
| 基金项目:农业农村部西北绿洲农业环境重点实验室开放基金（NYBXBLZ201802，NYBXBLZ201704）；自治区“优秀青年科技人才”项目；天山英才工程项目；新疆农业大学作物学重点学科项目（XCDKY2018025） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | XIA Wen | College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University/Engineering Research Centre of Cotton of Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China | | | LIN Tao | Institute of Industrial Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China | | | DENG Fang-ning | College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University/Engineering Research Centre of Cotton of Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China | | | HE Wen-qing | Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China | | | TANG Qiu-xiang | College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University/Engineering Research Centre of Cotton of Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Northwest Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China | 790058828@qq.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨生物降解地膜的降解性能及其对南疆棉花产量形成的影响，以普通PE地膜为对照（CK），通过小区控制性试验研究了4种生物降解地膜天壮1号（T1）、天壮2号（T2）、金发（JF）和巴斯夫（BSF）的降解率及其对棉田土壤水分状况、干物质积累与产量构成、水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，4种降解地膜降解率表现为T2 > T1 > JF > BSF，至生育期结束，仅T2进入全降解期，其余3种地膜仍处于破碎期。BSF覆盖下耕层土壤含水率稳定性较强，蕾期、花期土壤平均含水率分别较PE地膜高17.9%和18.5%，而T2处理降解过早，土壤水分快速蒸发，深层水耗严重，干物质积累量减少。JF处理进入干物质快速积累时期最晚（覆膜后78 d），单株结铃数和单铃质量分别低于PE处理1.69个和0.14 g，导致减产40.82%。T1覆盖下棉田土壤水分含量、吐絮期生殖器官占比、籽棉产量及水分利用效率与PE处理相比均无显著下降。研究表明，T1地膜在南疆棉区应用可以保持较好的水分，确保产量不下降的同时有效降低残膜污染。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The objective of this study is to explore the effects of degradation properties of different biodegradable films on water environment and yield formation of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)field under drip irrigation conditions. A single factor field experiment was established, completely randomized block design:Four kinds of biodegradable films Tianzhuang-1(T1), Tianzhuang-2(T2), Jinfa (JF), Basf(BSF), and polyethylene agricultural film(PE, CK)were applied. The experiment was carried out in southern Xinjiang in 2018. During the experiment, the degradation rate of biodegradable films, soil water content, dry matter accumulation and seed yield were measured. Water use efficiency(WUE)was calculated based on the evapotranspiration. The results showed that, the degradation rate of the films decreased, in the order of T2 > T1 > JF > BSF. Only T2 entered into the full degradation phase at the end of the growth period, while the other mulching films were still in the fragmentation stage. Soil moisture content of BSF treatment was 17.9% and 18.5% respectively, higher than that of the polyethylene film in bud stage and flowering stage, and remained relatively stable. For T2 treatment, very early degradation occurred, soil moisture rapidly evaporated, deep water consumption increased, and dry matter accumulation decreased. For JF treatment, it was the last one to enter into the rapid dry matter accumulation(78 d after covering film). The number of bolls per plant was 1.69 less, and single boll weight was 0.14 g lower than that of polyethylene film, resulting in 40.82% reduction in yield. For T1 treatment, there was no significant decrease on soil moisture content, and reproductive organ ratio during boll opening stage, seed cotton yield, and WUE in the cotton field were observed and compared with that of polyethylene film. T1 mulching film could reduce the pollution caused by residual film, while ensuring stable yield under the local environment. |
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