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| 70%化肥+30%牛粪配施条件下不同轮作方式对稻田氮磷流失的影响 |
| Effect of different rotation modes on nitrogen and phosphorus loss in paddy field fertilized with a combination ratio of 70% chemical fertilizer + 30% cow manure |
| 投稿时间：2020-05-21 修订日期：2020-07-23 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 化肥 牛粪 轮作 稻田 氮磷流失 |
| 英文关键词: chemical fertilizer cow manure rotation paddy field nitrogen and phosphorus loss |
| 基金项目:云南省教育厅科学研究基金产业化培育项目(2016CY11)；云南省农田无公害生产创新团队(2017HC015)Project supported:Yunnan Provincial Education Department"s scientific research fund industrialization project(2016CYH11); The Science Technology Innovation Team of Yunnan Province(2017HC015) ,王春雪1,李元1*,祖艳群1,陈建军1,张克强2 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】为探讨70%化肥+30%牛粪施肥条件下不同轮作方式对稻田氮磷流失的影响,【方法】通过田间小区试验,设置Y-OL(70%化肥+30%牛粪-黑麦草-水稻)、Y-OV(70%化肥+30%牛粪-紫花苕-水稻)、Y-ON(70%化肥+30%牛粪-冬闲-水稻)3种轮作处理,并以常规施肥及耕作模式C-ON(100%化肥-冬闲-水稻)作为对照,研究不同轮作模式下水稻产量及稻田田面水、下渗水、径流中的氮磷浓度变化特征及氮磷流失总量。【结果】研究结果表明：不同处理田面水TN浓度在施穗肥后第2d达到峰值,TP浓度在施基肥第2d达到峰值,且最高值均出现在Y-ON处理；C-ON和Y-ON处理下渗水TN浓度在施基肥第2d出现峰值,Y-OL和Y-OV处理下渗水TN浓度在施穗肥后第2d出现峰值,在整个水稻生育期Y-OV处理下渗水TP浓度整体低于其他处理；不同处理间稻田氮磷径流流失量无显著差异,稻田氮磷径流流失量与降雨量呈显著相关,且降雨量最大时,各处理TN径流流失量占径流流失总量的70.24%~73.42%,TP径流流失量占径流流失总量的35.12%~42.42%；Y-OV、Y-ON、Y-OL各处理TN总流失量与C-ON相比分别减少43.95%、35.74%、25.21%,TP总流失量与C-ON相比分别增加1.52%、13.13%、64.65%；Y-OV、Y-ON、Y-OL各处理水稻产量与C-ON相比均相对增产,且产量分别增加15.15%、2.69%、16.50%。【结论】综合考虑,70%化肥+30%牛粪施肥条件下紫花苕-水稻的轮作方式在兼顾水稻高产稳产的同时,能够有效降低氮素流失量,且维持较低水平的磷素流失量,是一种较好的减少氮磷面源污染及增加土地利用效率的种植模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| : In order to explore the effect of different rotation modes on nitrogen and phosphorus loss in rice fields under the condition of 70%chemical fertilizer+30%cow manure, three rotation treatments, Y-OL (70% chemical fertilizer + 30% cow manure-Lolium multiflorum Lamk.-rice),Y-OV(70% chemical fertilizer + 30% cow manure-ViciavillosaRothvar-rice),Y-ON(70% chemical fertilizer + 30% cow manure-winter fallow-rice) were set up through field plot experiments. Taking conventional fertilization and tillage mode C-ON (100% chemical fertilizer-winter fallow-rice) as the control,the variation characteristics of rice yield and nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in surface water, subsurface water seepage, runoff and total nitrogen and phosphorus loss under different rotation modes were studied. The results showed that TN concentration in surface water in different treatments reached the peak value in the second day after panicle fertilization, TP concentration reached the peak value in the second day after basal fertilization, and the highest value appeared in Y-ON treatment; TN concentration of infiltration water in C-ON and Y-ON treatment appeared the peak value in the second day after basal fertilization, TN concentration of infiltration water in Y-OL and Y-OV treatment appeared the peak value in the second day after panicle fertilization, and in the whole rice growth period under Y-OV treatment The concentration of TP in water was lower than that of other treatments as a whole; there was no significant difference in the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff loss between different treatments, and the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff loss was significantly related to the rainfall. When the rainfall was the largest, the TN runoff loss of each treatment accounted for 70.24% ~ 73.42% of the total runoff loss, the TP runoff loss accounted for 35.12% ~ 42.42% of the total runoff loss.Compared with C-ON, TN loss of Y-OV, Y-ON and Y-OL decreased by 43.95%, 35.74% and 25.21%, TP loss increased by 1.52%, 13.13% and 64.65% respectively and rice yield of Y-OV, Y-ON and Y-OL increased by 15.15%, 2.69% and 16.50% respectively. Considering comprehensively, the rotation mode of ViciavillosaRothvar-rice under the condition of 70% chemical fertilizer + 30% cow manure fertilization can effectively reduce the amount of nitrogen loss while taking into account the high and stable yield of rice, and maintain a lower level of phosphorus loss, which is a better planting mode to reduce the pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus non-point sources and increase the land use efficiency. |
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