|
生态空间格局优化与景观要素耦合视角下环水有机农业面源污染控制技术 |
Research on agricultural non-point source pollution control technology based on coupling effects of agricultural spatial pattern and landscape elements by developing organic agriculture in watershed areas |
投稿时间:2020-04-26 修订日期:2020-08-12 |
DOI: |
中文关键词: 有机农业 生态格局 景观要素 面源污染 耦合 |
英文关键词: organic agricultural, eco-spatial pattern, landscape element, non-point pollution, coupling |
基金项目: |
|
摘要点击次数: 236 |
全文下载次数: 0 |
中文摘要: |
农村面源污染是水生态环境的主要问题之一,严重影响着水体安全。本文拟以环水有机农业为技术手段,从农业空间格局和景观要素之间的耦合作用控制农业面源污染的视角,充分发挥有机农业生态系统的生态功能控制面源污染,以期解决农业面源污染防治的关键问题。首先,在生态格局构建与优化方面,加强景观结构的合理布局,关注景观连接度,加强景观要素异质性,因地制宜构建湿地、生态岛、集水池等,既提高动物多样性,增强生态系统稳定性,减少化学农药投入,又能够实现养分的多级利用,达到吸收和阻控氮、磷等营养元素的迁移,延长面源污染的空间迁移路径。其次,增强景观要素的生态功能,提高半自然生境的面积比例,因地制宜,构建生态沟渠、前置库等,有效衔接农业面源污染控制技术。再者,统筹合理施肥、堆肥、轮作套作、以及生物防治等农艺措施,充分发挥空间格局与景观要素耦合功能。本文以松华坝饮用水源地有机农场与常规农场为例,通过采用上述措施,显著提高生物多样性物种,并减少氮磷流失820 -1093 kg N/ha, 273-364 kg P/ha,减少农药流失2.2-2.5 kg/ha,有效控制了区域面源污染。 |
英文摘要: |
Agricultural non-point source pollution, a major problem of ecological environment, seriously affects water safety. A new perspective based on the coupling effects of agricultural spatial pattern and landscape elements to enhance the ecological function of agricultural ecosystem and reduce non-point pollution risk was discussed in this paper. Firstly, landscape connectivity and landscape heterogeneity should be emphasized to optimize the spatial pattern. Measures such as the building of wetland, ecological island, collecting basin should be fully considered not only to improve animal diversity, strengthen ecological system stability, reduce chemical pesticide input, but also adsorb and resistant the migration of agricultural non-point pollution such as nitrogen and phosphorus, realize the multi-level utilization of nutrients and extend the space migration way of non-point source pollution. Secondly, enhancing the ecological function of landscape elements are suggested to control non-point pollution. Increasing the proportion of semi-natural habitats area, building ecological ditches and pre-storages are all suggested to differing conditions. In order to give fully consideration of the coupling function of spatial pattern and landscape elements to reduce the chemical fertilizer and pesticides input, the agricultural measures such as rational fertilization, compost, rotation and intercropping, and biological control are also suggested. Finally, we took the organic farm in Song-hua dam area as an example to expound the coupling effects of those measures. Organic farm significantly increased the animal species and elevated agriculture service function, and reduced N, P and pesticide loss 820-1093 kg N/ha, 273-364 kg P/ha and 2.2-2.5 kg/ha, respectively. |
HTML
View Fulltext
查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
关闭 |
|
|
|