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| 生物炭不同施加方式对水稻生长及产量的影响 |
| Effects of Different Biochar Application Patterns on Rice Growth and Yield |
| 投稿时间：2017-06-16 修订日期：2017-07-26 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2017.0162 |
| 中文关键词: 水稻产量，生物炭，施加方式，表施 |
| 英文关键词: rice yield, biochar, application pattern, surface treatment |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（41401345）；江苏省自然科学基金（BK20140755）；农业公益性行业科研专项（20150306）；江苏省自主创新项目（CX（15）1004） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 王悦满 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210014
南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 江苏 南京 210095 | | | 高倩 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210014
南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 江苏 南京 210095 | | | 薛利红 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210014 | | | 杨林章 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210014 | | | 李辉信 | 南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 江苏 南京 210095 | | | 冯彦房 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210014 | jaasfengyanfang@163.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 生物炭对固炭减排、土壤改良等有良好的效用，近年来对其应用研究得到了广泛关注。然而，到目前为止，鲜有报道考察生物炭施加方式对作物生长的影响，而这对于生物炭的推广应用及其环境效用综合评估都有直接影响。为此，本研究采用水稻土柱试验，通过添加不同生物炭，即小麦秸秆（WBC）和木质锯末（SBC）分别在500 ℃和700 ℃制备的4种生物炭，研究其在混合施加或表面施加这两种施加方式下对水稻生长的影响。研究结果表明：（1）与对照相比，施加生物炭的处理对水稻株高和反应叶绿素含量的SPAD值（Soil Plant Analysis Development）有积极影响，株高在抽穗期、灌浆期、成熟期表施处理大于混施处理。表施处理SPAD值和归一化植被指数NDVI（Normalized Different Vegetation Index）略小于混施处理。（2）生物炭施加显著提高水稻结实率，增幅4.88%～8.39%，表施处理的结实率均高于对应的混施处理，但表施和混施处理对有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重影响差异不显著。（3）生物炭促进了水稻增产，而生物炭表施处理较混施对水稻增产的效应更为明显。（4）生物炭增加了水稻的收获指数，增幅2.58%~10.56%，表施和混施处理对收获指数影响无显著差异。（5）施加生物炭普遍提高了氮磷钾偏生产力，较对照提高了9.81%~36.25%。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Biochar has positive effect on carbon sequestration and soil improvement, consequently biochar application has been attracted more and more attention in recent years. However, so far, few investigations about the effects of biochar application patterns on crop growth, which may have a direct impact on biochar's application and comprehensive environmental effects have been reported. Herein, soil column study was conducted using four biochars, i.e., wheat straw(WBC) and wood sawdust(SBC) that pyrolyzed at 500℃ and 700℃, respectively, to study the effects of two different biochar application patterns on rice growth. These two typical biochar application patterns were:generally mixed application(mixed treatment) and surface application(surface treatment). The results showed that:(1)In comparison with CK, all biochar application treatments promoted the growth of rice in terms of plant height and SPAD(Soil Plant Analysis Development) value. Plant height of surface treatment was higher than that of mixed treatments at the heading, filling and maturation stages. SPAD and NDVI(Normalized Different Vegetation Index) value of surface treatments were slightly lower than mixed treatment.(2)Biochar significantly increased rice seeding setting rate by 4.88%~8.39%, moreover, surface treatments were observed higher rice seeding setting rate than mixed treatments. However, no significant difference was observed in the number of effective panicles, grains per spike and 1 000-grain weight between surface and mixed treatment. (3)Application of biochar promoted rice yield, and surface treatments were more likely to increase rice yield compared with the conventional mixed treatments. (4)All biochar treatments increased rice harvest index by 2.58%~10.56%, and no significant difference was found between surface and mixed treatment.(5)All applications of biochar promoted nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium partial productivity, which was 9.81%~36.25% higher than that of CK. |
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