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| 坡耕地不同种植模式对农田水土保持效应及土壤养分流失的影响 |
| Effects of Different Cropping Patterns on Soil and Water Conservation Benefits and Soil Nutrients Loss on Sloping Land |
| 投稿时间：2015-07-05 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2015.0170 |
| 中文关键词: 彝良 地震灾区 种植模式 间作 水土流失 |
| 英文关键词: Yiliang earthquake area cropping patterns intercropping soil and water loss |
| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划课题"彝良"9·7"地震灾区生态恢复技术研究与示范"(2013BAK13B02);国家"十二五"水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07102-003-04) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 针对云南彝良地震灾区灾后坡耕地水土流失的现状,进行了不同种植模式的水土保持效应的研究。通过对试验小区不同种植模式下的径流小区的监测,以探明不同种植模式对农田水土和养分流失及对收获期作物粒重的影响,寻求控制和减少农田水土流失及增产的有效种植模式。结果表明,不同种植模式3次地表总径流量顺序为黄豆单作(17.0 m3·hm-2)>马铃薯单作(15.9 m3·hm-2)>玉米单作(13.7 m3·hm-2)>玉米//马铃薯顺坡种植(12.6 m3·hm-2)>玉米//黄豆(12.3 m3·hm-2)>玉米//马铃薯(11.7 m3·hm-2);土壤总侵蚀量顺序为马铃薯单作(930.15 kg·hm-2)>黄豆单作(821.70 kg·hm-2)>玉米单作(739.05 kg·hm-2)>玉米//马铃薯顺坡种植(716.70 kg·hm-2)>玉米//马铃薯(651.90 kg·hm-2)>玉米//黄豆(620.10 kg·hm-2);在地表径流量方面,最好模式玉米//马铃薯间作,比最差模式黄豆单作削减地表径流量31.2%,比马铃薯单作、玉米单作分别削减地表径流量26.4%、14.3%;在土壤侵蚀量方面,最好模式玉米//黄豆间作,比最差模式马铃薯单作削减土壤侵蚀量33.3%,比黄豆单作、玉米单作分别削减土壤侵蚀量24.5%、16.1%。在土壤养分流失方面,玉米//黄豆间作比马铃薯单作削减总氮流失30.6%;玉米//黄豆间作比马铃薯单作削减氨氮流失22.2%,并有显著差异。可见,在彝良地震灾区玉米//马铃薯和玉米//黄豆间作种植模式在减少水土养分流失方面有一定效果。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To examine water and soil loss of Yiliang earthquake-affected area in Yunnan Province, a research was conducted on the benefits of soil and water conservation under different cropping patterns. In order to explore the effects of different cropping patterns on soil, water and nutrient loss and grain weight in the harvest time and try to find suitable cropping patterns for controlling and reducing the soil and water loss and increasing crop production, different cropping patterns were analyzed with field plot experiments. The results showed that the surface runoff under different cropping patterns, was with sequence order as soybean monoculture(17.0 m3·hm-2)>potato monoculture(15.9 m3·hm-2)>maize monoculture(13.7 m3·hm-2)>maize//potato intercropping on sloping land(12.6 m3·hm-2)>maize//soybean intercropping(12.3 m3·hm-2)>maize//potato intercropping(11.7 m3·hm-2). The soil erosion of the different cropping patterns was with sequence order as potato monoculture(930.15 kg·hm-2)>soybean monoculture(821.70 kg·hm-2)>maize monoculture(739.05 kg·hm-2)>maize//potato intercropping on sloping land(716.70 kg·hm-2)>maize//potato intercropping(651.90 kg·hm-2)>maize//soybean intercropping(620.10 kg·hm-2). The surface runoff of the best pattern(maize//potato) decreased by 31.2% than the worst pattern soybean monoculture, while decreased by 26.4% and 14.3% than monoculture of potato and maize, respectively. The soil erosion of the best pattern(maize//soybean) decreased by 33.3% than the worst pattern potato monoculture, whilst decreased by 24.5% and 16.1% than the monoculture of soybean and maize, respectively. In the aspect of soil nutrients, maize//soybean was the best. It is suggested that maize//soybean and maize//potato intercropping systems have some effects on reducing the soil and water nutrient loss in Yiliang earthquake-affected area. |
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