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| 秸秆覆盖休耕对土壤C、N、P循环功能基因的影响 |
| Effects on carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling functional genes under straw mulching and fallow cultivation |
| 投稿时间：2023-03-23 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2023.0185 |
| 中文关键词: 秸秆还田，基因芯片，土壤元素循环，微生物功能，耕作 |
| 英文关键词: straw return, gene chip, soil element recycling, microbial function, tillage |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD1500704，2022YFD1500305）；国家大豆产业技术体系（CARS-04）；中国与联合国开发计划署合作项目（CPR/21/401） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 王根林 | 黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院, 农业农村部黑土地保护与利用重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150086 | | | 段衍 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院, 合肥 230031 | | | 刘峥宇 | 黑龙江北大荒现代农业服务集团有限公司宝泉岭分公司, 黑龙江 佳木斯 154211 | | | 王译阳 | 北大荒农业股份有限公司新华分公司, 黑龙江 鹤岗 154213 | | | 刘沣漫 | 黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院, 农业农村部黑土地保护与利用重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150086 | | | 孙磊 | 黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院, 农业农村部黑土地保护与利用重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150086 | | | 李玉梅 | 黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院, 农业农村部黑土地保护与利用重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150086 | liyumeiwxyl@126.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了探索一种适于坡耕地的基于种养结合的耕作方式，采用田间试验结合基因芯片研究方法，探究了秸秆覆盖休耕技术[包括隔年秸秆覆盖休耕+旋耕（RF）、2年旋耕+1年秸秆覆盖休耕（RRF）]与常规耕作（CRT，秸秆移除后旋耕）对土壤C、N、P循环的影响。结果表明：外源C的投入激发了土壤微生物对有机物料的降解潜力，无论是RF处理，还是RRF处理，参与土壤C循环的降解功能基因（acsE、xylA和rbcL）丰度均有一定程度的增加，xylA基因平均相对丰度较CRT处理增加43.12%，而秸秆不还田的CRT处理中参与C同化基因（acsA）的丰度显著增加，平均增加33.03%； CRT处理参与N循环基因的丰度降低，而秸秆覆盖还田促进了土壤中N从NH4+-N向NO3--N的转化，gdh基因丰度增加；秸秆覆盖还田后土壤活性P的积累增强，碱性磷酸酶基因（phoD）丰度较CRT处理平均增加59.57%，phoD与速效P和phnk基因丰度呈显著正相关。研究表明，秸秆覆盖还田促进了土壤微生物C、N、P周转，进而促进外源有机C的转化和土壤有机C的积累，短期内秸秆当季覆盖休耕与上季覆盖休耕处理间差异不大。研究结果为东北黑土区坡耕地实施保护性耕作和防控土壤侵蚀提供了科学依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore a protective tillage method based on planting and land cultivation suitable for sloped farmland, field experiments in combination with gene chip research methods were used to study the effects of straw mulching and fallow cultivation technology（including alternate year straw mulch fallow with rotary tillage（RF）and 2-year rotary tillage with annual straw mulch fallow（RRF））in comparison with conventional tillage（CRT, rotary tillage after straw removal）measures on soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling functional genes. The results showed that inputting exogenous C stimulated the organic matter degradation potential of soil microorganisms, whether straw mulching was performed in the previous season or the current season, and that the abundance of degradation functional genes（acsE, xylA and rbcL）involved in the soil C cycle increased to a certain extent. The average relative abundance of the xylA gene increased by 43.12% compared with that of the CRT treatment. Conventional tillage without straw return to the field significantly increased the relative abundance of the genes involved in C assimilation, such as acsA, which increased by 33.03%. After straw mulching and fallow cultivation, the abundance of the gdh gene was increased, indicating promotion of the transformation of soil N from ammonium N to nitrate N. Similarly, accumulation of active P was higher, and the abundance of the alkaline phosphatase gene phoD, which was positively correlated with that of AP and phnk genes, increased by an average of 59.57% compared with the value of CRT. The turnover capacity of soil microorganism C, N, and P was improved under straw return, and the conversion of exogenous organic carbon and accumulation of soil SOC were increased. Although there was little difference between straw mulching in the current season and that in the previous season in the short term, these results provide a scientific basis for the implementation of protective farming techniques on sloped farmland to prevent and control water and soil loss in the black soil region of northeast China. |
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