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| 施用生物质炭对桃园土壤肥力及黄桃产量和品质的影响 |
| Effect of biochar amendment on orchard soil fertility and yellow peach yield and quality |
| 投稿时间：2022-06-28 修订日期：2022-09-09 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2022.0416 |
| 中文关键词: 黄桃，生物质炭，土壤肥力，产量，品质 |
| 英文关键词: yellow peach, biochar, soil fertility, yield, quality |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41471193） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 849 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究不同原料生物质炭对桃园土壤肥力和黄桃产量的影响，以黄桃果园为研究对象，设置当地习惯施肥（CK）与分别配施 20 t·hm-2水稻秸秆生物质炭（RB）、小麦秸秆生物质炭（WB）、杉木生物质炭（FB）4种处理，通过田间试验研究了不同处理对土壤理化性质、土壤胞外酶活性、各生育时期叶片及果实养分含量、黄桃产量及品质的影响。结果表明：不同生物质炭处理下土壤有机质含量显著增加，而铵态氮、硝态氮和有效磷含量均显著降低，其中WB处理较CK处理显著增加了土壤pH、阳离子交换量和全氮含量，增幅分别为6.7%、15.4%和17.6%。生物质炭施用显著提高了土壤酶活性，归一化酶活性显著增加80.0%~96.0%。不同生物质炭施用对土壤肥力影响不同，WB处理可显著提高土壤肥力指数17.8%。除RB处理较CK显著降低硬核期果实氮含量外，WB和FB处理均促进了植株地上部对养分的吸收，相较于CK，WB处理显著提高成熟期叶片钾含量、膨大一期果实磷含量以及膨大一期和硬核期果实钾含量；FB处理显著提高了膨大二期叶片磷含量、成熟期叶片钾含量，以及膨大一期果实氮、磷含量和成熟期果实磷含量。WB处理黄桃单果质量降低了12.7%，可滴定酸含量降低了13.8%，但黄桃总产量、可溶性糖含量及糖酸比无显著变化。研究表明，生物质炭施用可通过提高土壤pH、有机质含量和土壤酶活性来改善土壤肥力，促进植株地上部养分吸收，但短期内对黄桃产量和品质的影响较小。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Our objective was to investigate the effect of different biochar soil amendments on soil fertility and the fruit yield of yellow peach, to provide a scientific basis for biochar use in peach cultivation. We conducted a field experiment to investigate the effect of biochar amendments on the soil physicochemical properties, soil enzyme activity, and leaf and fruit nutrients of peach trees at different growth stages, and on the yellow peach yield and quality in an orchard. We designed four fertilization treatments including the conventional fertilization regime in the local area as the control（CK）and the application of three biochars from rice straw（RB）, wheat straw（WB）, and Chinese fir（FB）, separately. In the biochar treatments, we applied the biochar at the rate of 20 t·hm-2 with conventional fertilizers. The results showed that all biochar amendments significantly increased soil organic matter content, whereas they significantly decreased ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and available phosphorus contents. Compared with the CK treatment, the WB treatment significantly increased soil pH, cation exchange capacity, and total nitrogen content by 6.7%, 15.4% and 17.6%, respectively. Biochar amendment significantly increased normalized enzyme activity by 80.0%-96.0%. The responses of soil fertility varied among the biochars. Compared with the CK treatment, the WB treatment significantly increased the soil fertility index by 17.8%. In addition to RB treatment significantly decreased the fruit nitrogen content at the hard-core stage compared with CK treatment, WB and FB treatment promoted the uptake of nutrients by the trees. Compared with the CK treatment, the WB treatment significantly increased the leaf potassium content at the mature stage, fruit phosphorus content at the first expanding stage, and fruit potassium content at the first expanding and hard-core stages. The FB treatment significantly increased leaf phosphorus content at the second expanding stage, leaf potassium content at the mature stage, fruit nitrogen and phosphorus contents at the first expanding stage, and fruit phosphorus content at the mature stage. Compared with the CK treatment, the WB treatment significantly reduced single fruit mass by 12.7% and titratable acid content by 13.8%, but had no significant effect on fruit production, soluble sugar content, or sugar-to-acid ratio of yellow peaches. In conclusion, biochar amendments can improve soil properties through increasing the pH, organic matter content, and enzyme activity, and by promoting nutrient uptake; however they have little effect on peach yield and quality in the short term. |
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