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| 锌肥施用对我国小麦籽粒锌含量的影响 |
| Effects of zinc fertilizer application on zinc content of wheat（Triticum aestivum L.）grains in China |
| 投稿时间：2022-05-17 修订日期：2022-07-13 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2022.0299 |
| 中文关键词: 小麦，土壤施锌，叶面喷锌，锌含量，利用率 |
| 英文关键词: wheat, soil application of zinc, foliar application of zinc, zinc content, utilization efficiency |
| 基金项目:中央高校基本科研业务费专项（2022TC121） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 陶焱金 | 中国农业大学资源与环境学院, 农田土壤污染防控与修复北京市重点实验室, 北京 100193 | | | 井凌琨 | 中国农业大学资源与环境学院, 农田土壤污染防控与修复北京市重点实验室, 北京 100193 | | | 王琪 | 中国农业大学资源与环境学院, 农田土壤污染防控与修复北京市重点实验室, 北京 100193 | | | 胡江鹏 | 全国农业技术推广服务中心, 北京 100026 | | | 杜森 | 全国农业技术推广服务中心, 北京 100026 | | | 万亚男 | 中国农业大学资源与环境学院, 农田土壤污染防控与修复北京市重点实验室, 北京 100193 | wanyanan@cau.edu.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了探究锌肥施用对我国小麦籽粒锌含量的影响，本研究通过文献查阅和数据收集，分析了我国小麦籽粒锌含量特征以及不同锌肥施用方式对小麦籽粒锌含量的影响。结果表明，我国小麦锌肥施用方式主要有土壤施用、叶面喷施以及土壤施用+叶面喷施，且土壤施用时锌的平均投入量（12.6 kg·hm-2）大于叶面喷施（1.57 kg·hm-2）。不施锌肥时小麦籽粒锌含量范围为 14.6~50.0 mg·kg-1，且 95.3%的小麦籽粒锌含量低于 40 mg·kg-1；土壤施用+叶面喷施处理时小麦籽粒锌含量范围为 24.0~70.9 mg·kg-1，且76.2%的小麦籽粒锌含量高于40 mg·kg-1。锌肥的施用显著提高了小麦籽粒中的锌含量，不同施肥方式下小麦籽粒锌含量平均增率排序为土壤施用+叶面喷施（62.6%）>叶面喷施（47.2%）>土壤施用（24.6%）。土壤施用或叶面喷施锌肥时，小麦籽粒锌含量增率与外源锌投入量呈显著正相关（P<0.05），当每公顷锌投入量增加1 kg时，籽粒锌含量分别提高0.74%和16.39%。土壤施用、土壤施用+叶面喷施时锌肥的平均利用率较低（0.59%、0.94%），而叶面喷施锌肥平均利用率较高（7.27%）。研究表明，不同施锌方式均能提高小麦籽粒锌含量，且土壤施用+叶面喷施的效果最好，而叶面喷施方式下锌肥利用率最高。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to investigate the effects of different application methods of zinc fertilizer on the zinc content of wheat（Triticum aestivum L.）grains in China, published literature was reviewed and relevant data was collected for analysis. The results show that the main application methods for zinc fertilizer in China were soil, foliar, and soil+foliar application, and the average zinc input of soil application （12.6 kg·hm-2）was higher than that of foliar application（1.57 kg·hm-2）. The distribution of zinc content in wheat grains without zinc fertilizer ranged from 14.6 mg·kg-1 to 50.0 mg·kg-1, and 95.3% of wheat grains had zinc content <40 mg·kg-1. The distribution of zinc content in grains after soil+foliar application ranged from 24.0 mg·kg-1 to 70.9 mg·kg-1, and 76.2% of wheat grains had zinc content >40 mg·kg-1. The average increase rate of zinc content in grains under different application approaches was as follows：soil+foliar application （62.6%）> foliar application（47.2%）> soil application（24.6%）. There was a significant positive correlation between the increase rate of wheat grain zinc content and the amount of exogenous zinc input in soil and foliar application, i.e., when the zinc input increased by 1 kg per hectare, the zinc content in grains increased by 0.74% and 16.39%, respectively. The average utilization efficiency of zinc fertilizer after foliar application（7.27%）was higher than that of soil application（0.59%）and soil+foliar application（0.94%）. Therefore, the zinc content of wheat grains could be increased using different application methods; soil + foliar application was most effective, while foliar application possessed the highest zinc utilization efficiency. |
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