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| 中国土壤重构及其土水特性研究进展 |
| Research progress on soil reconstruction and soil-water characteristics in China |
| 投稿时间：2022-07-22 修订日期：2022-09-21 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2022.0487 |
| 中文关键词: 土壤剖面，重构材料，重构施工技术，水分运移，入渗特性，土水特征曲线 |
| 英文关键词: soil profile, reconstruction materials, reconstruction construction technology, water transport, infiltration characteristic, soilwater characteristic curve |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（32160304，41867038）；自然资源部科技创新团队开放基金项目（YNTD2018KF05）；云南省自然科学基金项目（202001AU070114，202101AT070754） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 张玉锴 | 云南农业大学水利学院, 昆明 650201
自然资源部云南山间盆地土地利用野外科学观测研究站, 昆明 650201 | | | 阎凯 | 云南农业大学资源与环境学院, 昆明 650201 | | | 李博 | 云南农业大学资源与环境学院, 昆明 650201 | | | 黎李杨 | 云南远科土地整治规划设计有限公司, 昆明 650201 | | | 杨松 | 云南农业大学水利学院, 昆明 650201
自然资源部云南山间盆地土地利用野外科学观测研究站, 昆明 650201 | | | 普建丹 | 云南农业大学水利学院, 昆明 650201 | | | 王楚燕 | 云南农业大学水利学院, 昆明 650201 | | | 杨国东 | 云南农业大学水利学院, 昆明 650201 | | | 张川 | 云南农业大学水利学院, 昆明 650201
自然资源部云南山间盆地土地利用野外科学观测研究站, 昆明 650201
中国矿业大学中国资源型城市转型发展与乡村振兴研究中心, 江苏 徐州 221116 | zhangchuan0569@sina.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 土壤是土地生态系统的基底和基础，土壤重构对土地复垦、土地质量提升和生态环境恢复等具有重要意义。本文采用文献分析法和对比分析法，分析了我国土壤重构基本概念与内涵、土壤重构技术及其土水特性运行机理。根据研究对象、研究目的、填充材料和关键技术的对比分析，认为土壤重构与土体有机重构两者的概念与内涵存在交叉和包含关系，两者研究对象及目的均为损毁土地及缺陷土地的再生利用及其生态系统恢复，关键技术侧重土壤剖面结构和功能的重构；重构材料属于包含关系，土体有机重构填充材料多为有机物和生物材料，包含矿区副产品等。根据土壤损毁的特征，将土壤剖面重构类型分为功能退化型、土层损毁型、土层结构紊乱型和土层污染型。土壤重构材料的选取应因地制宜；土壤重构施工技术应更多关注如何减少对土壤结构的破坏和降低压实度，从而减轻对表土的破坏并提高土壤生产力。土壤重构主要针对矿区土地复垦，其对土水特性的影响侧重于模型模拟和土壤的保水性，重构后的土壤对土壤中水分和溶质运移有一定的阻碍作用，不利于降水入渗补给；土壤重构研究还应关注不同土壤重构模式下短时间序列土壤水分运移及其机理。针对目前土壤重构技术发展现状，建议今后深入开展土壤重构的生态材料研发、土壤与其他要素耦合机理、全过程监测和信息化技术融合、农区土壤重构和城市景观重构等方面的理论与技术研究。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Soil is the foundation of land ecosystems, and its reconstruction is of great importance for land reclamation, land quality improvement, and ecological environment restoration. Two methods, literature and comparative analyses, were adopted to analyze the basic concepts and implications of soil reconstitution, soil reconstitution techniques, and the operational mechanisms of soil and water properties in China. The results showed the following：based on a comparative analysis of the research object, research purpose, filling materials, and key technologies, the concepts and implications of soil reconstruction and organic reconstruction were observed to have overlapping and inclusive relationships. The research objectives and purposes of both approaches were the recycling of damaged and defective land, and ecosystem restoration. The key technology focused on the reconstruction of the soil profile structure and function; reconstruction materials belonged to an inclusive relationship. In addition, the filling materials for soil organic reconstruction were primarily organic and biological materials, including the by-products of mining areas. Based on the characteristics of soil damage, soil profile reconstruction could be divided into four types：soil function degradation, soil damage, soil structure disorder, and soil pollution. Correspondence between the selection of soil-reconstituting materials and the local circumstances was recommended. Soil reconstruction technology also attached great importance to reducing structural damage; soil compaction should be reduced so that damage to the topsoil is reduced and soil productivity is improved. Soil reconstruction focused on land reclamation in mining areas, and its impact on soil-water characteristics focused on model simulation and soil water retention. Moisture and solute transport in the soil are blocked by the reconstructed soil to a certain extent, which is not conducive to precipitation infiltration. Studies on soil-water movement during a short time series and its mechanism under different soil remodeling patterns should also be taken into consideration in soil reconstruction. Further theoretical and technical studies on the research and development of ecological materials for soil reconstruction, the coupling mechanism between the soil and other elements, the integration of complete process monitoring and information technology, and the reconstruction of soil in rural areas and the urban landscape should be conducted. |
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