长期不同培肥对苏打盐碱地稻田土壤盐碱指标和养分含量的影响

肖扬; 黄立华; 杨易; 黄金鑫; 刘伯顺; 杨靖民

文章摘要

长期不同培肥对苏打盐碱地稻田土壤盐碱指标和养分含量的影响

Effects of different long-term fertilization on soil salinity indices and nutrient contents in saline-sodic paddy fields

投稿时间：2022-01-18

DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2022.0032

中文关键词: 苏打盐碱土，有机培肥，秸秆还田，盐分，养分

英文关键词: saline-sodic soil, application of organic fertilizer, straw returning, salinity, nutrient

基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41977148）；吉林省科技发展项目（20220508110RC）；国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD1500502-7）

作者	单位	E-mail
肖扬	吉林农业大学资源与环境学院, 长春 130118 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 长春 130102
黄立华	中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 长春 130102 吉林大安农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 吉林大安 131317	huanglihua@iga.ac.cn
杨易	吉林农业大学资源与环境学院, 长春 130118 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 长春 130102
黄金鑫	中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 长春 130102 吉林大安农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 吉林大安 131317
刘伯顺	中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 长春 130102 吉林大安农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 吉林大安 131317
杨靖民	吉林农业大学资源与环境学院, 长春 130118	yangjingmin2001@163.com

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中文摘要:

为探讨长期不同培肥措施对苏打盐碱地稻田土壤盐碱化参数和养分含量的影响，本研究利用运行10年的长期定位施肥试验，采集了不施肥处理（CK）、无机肥配施处理（NPK）、有机肥单施处理（M）、有机肥与无机肥配施处理（MNPK）和秸秆还田配施无机肥处理（RNPK）的0~60cm土壤样品并进行分析。结果表明，随着土层深度的增加，各处理土壤pH、电导率、碱化度和Na⁺、Cl^-、CO₃^2-+HCO₃^-含量逐渐增加，土壤阳离子交换量和K⁺、Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺、SO₄^2-、有机质、速效养分含量逐渐降低。施肥处理均较CK处理降低了土壤pH、电导率和碱化度等盐碱化参数，以及Na⁺、Cl^-和CO₃^2-+HCO₃^-等有害盐分含量，增加了阳离子交换量及K⁺、Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺和SO₄^2-等有益盐分含量，提高了有机质、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量。与CK处理相比，M和MNPK处理土壤盐分含量显著降低（P<0.05），土壤有机质和速效氮含量显著提高（P<0.05）。NPK处理土壤电导率有增加趋势，0~20cm土壤电导率较CK处理增加了7.1%。因此，从地力培育的角度来讲，苏打盐碱地稻田施用有机肥或有机肥与化肥配施有利于土壤盐碱的降低和地力的持续提升。

英文摘要:

To investigate the effects of different long-term fertilization measures on soil salinity indices and nutrient contents, a long-term sited fertilization experiment of rice has been running for 10 years in saline-sodic paddy fields. Soil samples from 0-60 cm were collected in three layers from no fertilization treatment（CK）, the combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer treatment （NPK）, the single application of manure treatment（M）, the combined application of manure and chemical fertilizer treatment（MNPK）, and the chemical fertilizer with straw returning treatment（RNPK）. The results showed that soil pH, electrical conductivity, exchangeable sodium percentage, the concentrations of Na⁺, Cl^-, and CO₃^2-+HCO₃^- gradually increased, the cation exchange capacity, the concentrations of K⁺, Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺, and SO₄^2-, the contents of soil organic matter and available nutrients gradually decreased with increasing soil depth in all experiment treatments. Compared with CK treatment, soil pH, electrical conductivity, and exchangeable sodium percentage, as well as the concentration of Na⁺, Cl^-, and CO₃^2- + HCO₃^- decreased, the cation exchange capacity, the concentration of K⁺, Ca²⁺+ Mg²⁺ and SO₄^2-, the contents of organic matter, the contents of available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium all increased in the other four fertilization treatments. Among them, soil salt contents significantly decreased in the M and MNPK treatments compared with those in CK （P<0.05）, and the contents of soil organic matter and available nitrogen significantly increased in the M and MNPK treatments compared with those in CK（P<0.05）. The electrical conductivity of soil solution increased in NPK treatment with application of chemical fertilizer, the electrical conductivity at the 0-20 cm soil layer increased by 7.1% compared with that in CK. Therefore, the application of manure or the combined application of manure and chemical fertilizer will be conducive to the reduction of soil salinity and the continuous improvement of soil fertility in saline-sodic paddy fields.

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