文章摘要
内蒙古河套灌区农田地膜残留量分布特征及影响因素
Distribution characteristics and influencing factors concerning residual quantity of agricultural mulch film in Hetao irrigation area, Inner Mongolia
投稿时间:2021-09-06  
DOI:10.13254/j.jare.2021.0596
中文关键词: 河套灌区,地膜残留,生物可降解地膜,回收,分布特征
英文关键词: Hetao irrigation area, plastic film residue, biodegradable plastic film, recycling, distribution characteristics
基金项目:内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2019ZD009)
作者单位E-mail
包明哲 内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院, 内蒙古自治区土壤质量与养分资源重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010018
农业生态安全与绿色发展自治区高等学校重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010018 
 
红梅 内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院, 内蒙古自治区土壤质量与养分资源重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010018
农业生态安全与绿色发展自治区高等学校重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010018 
nmczhm1970@126.com 
赵巴音那木拉 内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院, 内蒙古自治区土壤质量与养分资源重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010018
农业生态安全与绿色发展自治区高等学校重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010018 
 
兴安 内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院, 内蒙古自治区土壤质量与养分资源重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010018
农业生态安全与绿色发展自治区高等学校重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010018 
 
叶贺 内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院, 内蒙古自治区土壤质量与养分资源重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010018
农业生态安全与绿色发展自治区高等学校重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010018 
 
沈钦国 内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院, 内蒙古自治区土壤质量与养分资源重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010018
农业生态安全与绿色发展自治区高等学校重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010018 
 
王力群 内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院, 内蒙古自治区土壤质量与养分资源重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010018
农业生态安全与绿色发展自治区高等学校重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010018 
 
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中文摘要:
      为摸清河套灌区地膜使用及其在土壤中的残留现状,本研究对不同作物种植区进行问卷调查和典型样点采集分析。结果表明,内蒙古河套灌区地膜污染整体处于中度污染水平,农田地膜残留量介于18.20~418.60kg·hm-2之间,平均值为131.11kg·hm-2。地膜残留量受覆膜年限、作物类型、回收情况、土壤质地等因素影响,其中覆膜年限对残膜量的影响最大,随着覆膜年限的延长,地膜残留量显著增加,覆膜20年以上地块残膜量显著高于覆膜年限少于20年地块(P<0.05)。玉米种植区地膜残留量(132.77kg·hm-2)高于向日葵种植地区(127.88kg·hm-2)。地膜回收意识是影响河套灌区地膜残留量的重要因素,回收方式主要为人工拾捡或耙地带出农田,研究区地膜回收率仅为38.10%,地膜回收地块的残留量(108.28kg·hm-2)低于不回收地块(145.03kg·hm-2)。相同条件下,不同质地土壤中砂质壤土残膜量最多(153.84kg·hm-2)。研究表明,河套灌区应通过调整种植结构、强化回收意识、提高回收率、推广生物可降解地膜等方式降低地膜污染。
英文摘要:
      A questionnaire survey was conducted in different crop-planting areas, and typical sample points were analyzed according to the present situation of plastic film and the residue in soil in the Hetao irrigation area. The results showed that the level of plastic film pollution was moderate, and that the residual amount of plastic film in farmland was 18.20-418.60 kg·hm-2, with an average value of 131.11 kg·hm-2. The residual amount of plastic film was affected by the age of the plastic film mulching, crop type, recovery, soil texture, and other factors, among which the contribution rate of plastic film mulching age was the highest. With the increasing age of plastic film mulching, the residual amount of plastic film increased significantly, and the residual amount of plastic film in plots covered for more than 20 years was significantly higher than that in plots covered for less than 20 years(P<0.05). The residual amount of plastic film in maize planting areas (132.77 kg·hm-2)was higher than that in sunflower planting areas(127.88 kg·hm-2). Awareness of plastic film recovery was an important factor affecting the residual amount of plastic film in Hetao irrigation area. Recovery methods mainly include manual picking or raking out of farmland. The recovery rate of plastic film in the study area was only 38.10%, and the residual amount of plastic film recycled plots (108.28 kg·hm-2)was significantly lower than that of non-recycled plots(145.03 kg·hm-2). Under the same conditions, the amount of residual film in sandy loam soil with different texture was the highest(153.84 kg·hm-2). The investigation results show that Hetao irrigation area can adjust planting structure, strengthen recycling awareness and recycling methods, popularize biodegradable plastic film to reduce plastic film pollution.
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