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| 覆砂和灌水量对退耕压砂地生态枣林土壤水热及枣果产量的影响 |
| Effects of gravel-sand mulching and irrigation on soil hydrothermal conditions and fruit yield in ecological jujube forests on degraded field |
| 投稿时间：2022-03-17 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2022.0133 |
| 中文关键词: 覆砂，灌水量，土壤水热，枣树生长，产量 |
| 英文关键词: gravel-sand mulching, irrigation amount, soil hydrothermal conditions, jujube growth, yield |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（52169010，51869023）；宁夏自然科学基金重点项目（2021AAC02008）；国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1900600）；宁夏重点研发计划项目（引才专项）（2019BEB04029）；宁夏重点研发计划项目（2019BEH03010）；宁夏大学研究生创新项目（CXXM202240） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探明覆砂和灌水量对退耕压砂地生态枣林土壤水热及产量的影响，在宁夏中部干旱带开展大田试验，通过设置2种覆盖方式[覆砂（M）、裸土（N）]和3个灌水量[低水180 mm（W1）、中水210 mm（W2）、高水240 mm（W3）]，研究覆砂和灌水量对土壤温度、土壤贮水量以及枣果产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：与裸土相比，覆砂使0~10 cm土壤温度提高0.8~3.1℃。覆砂后土壤升温时段（10：00—14：00）明显滞后于裸土（8：00—14：00），升温速度比裸土处理快0.4℃·h-1。覆盖方式及灌水量对枣树全生育期0~80 cm土壤贮水量影响显著（P<0.05），覆砂处理较裸土处理平均提高10.97%，且在土壤含水率较低的萌芽展叶期增幅最高，达14.54%。覆砂条件下枣树生长指标、产量和水分利用效率均高于裸土，不同灌水量下枣果产量从高到低表现为W3>W2>W1，分别较裸土处理增加5.99%、10.54%、26.79%，其中MW2处理水分利用效率最高，为1.55 kg·m-3。综上，MW2处理（覆砂、灌水量210 mm）可作为宁夏中部干旱带退耕压砂地生态枣林适宜的种植模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of amount of irrigation water under gravel-sand mulch conditions on hydrothermal parameters of soil and fruit yield of date palm forests in fallow gravel-sand mulched field. The field experiment was conducted in an arid zone in central Ningxia. To investigate the effects of gravel-sand mulch and irrigation on soil temperature, soil water storage, jujube fruit yield, and water use efficiency, we used two types of mulch(gravel-sand mulching(M)and bare soil(N))and three different amounts of irrigation water(low water:180 mm(W1), medium water:210 mm(W2), and high water:240 mm(W3)). The results showed that gravel-sand mulching increased the soil temperature at a depth of 0~10 cm by 0.8~3.1℃ compared with that of bare soil. The soil warming period(10:00-14:00)after gravel-sand mulching was significantly shorter than that of bare soil(8:00-14:00), and the warming rate was 0.4℃·h-1 faster than that of the bare soil treatment. The method of mulching and the amount of irrigation water had a significant effect(P<0.05)on the amount of soil water stored at a depth of 0~80 cm during the entire fertility period of the jujube trees, and the gravel-sand mulching treatment increased by 10.97% on average with the amount of soil water stored compared with that of the bare soil treatment. The highest increase was 14.54% at the leaf bud stage, when the soil water content was low. The growth index, yield, and water use efficiency of jujube trees under gravel-sand mulch conditions were higher than those under bare soil, and the yield from high to low was W3>W2>W1, which increased by 5.99%, 10.54%, and 26.79%, respectively, compared with that of the bare soil treatment, with the highest water use efficiency of MW2 being 1.55 kg·m-3. In condusion, the MW2 treatment is a suitable planting pattern for date palm forests on fallow and gravel-sand mulched field in the central arid zone of Ningxia. |
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