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| 土地利用变化对农业文化遗产系统结构的影响——以浙江省德清县为例 |
| The impact of land use change on the structure of agricultural heritage systems: Taking Deqing County, Zhejiang Province as an example |
| 投稿时间：2022-06-25 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2022.0410 |
| 中文关键词: 农业文化遗产，中国重要农业文化遗产（China-NIAHS），德清淡水珍珠传统养殖与利用系统，土地利用，驱动力 |
| 英文关键词: agricultural heritage systems, China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(China-NIAHS), Deqing Traditional Freshwater Pearl Culture and Utilization System, land use, driving forces |
| 基金项目:中科院A类先导专项（XDA23100203） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 德清县是中国重要农业文化遗产——德清淡水珍珠传统养殖与利用系统的所在地，20多年来，在快速的城镇化进程中，德清县土地利用方式发生了较大变化。为刻画近年来德清土地利用变化特征，揭示其对农业文化遗产系统结构产生的影响，本研究基于访谈资料、第三次国土资源调查数据以及GlobeLand 30土地利用数据等进行了分析。结果表明，德清县在产业结构升级与城镇化扩张推动下，自2005年到2020年建设用地增加了53.36 km2，耕地减少了62.33 km2；在环境治理政策、经济效益和多种技术的综合作用下，养殖水面的面积快速增加，15年内共增长了117.75 km2；但桑地因经济效益不佳，1992年到2019年间面积减少了19.76 km2。在空间分布上，变化主要集中在东部水网平原区，这也是德清淡水珍珠传统养殖与利用系统所在地。研究显示，土地利用方式的转变，改变了当地“粮桑鱼畜”这一传统生态农业景观的结构及其背后的生态过程，减弱了不同土地利用方式之间的物质能量流动与循环，使得遗产系统面临较大的威胁。未来应进一步提高居民对农业文化遗产的认同感，保护相关的传统知识和技术，减少对生态环境的影响。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The Deqing Traditional Freshwater Pearl Culture and Utilization System, one of the China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(China-NIAHS), is prevalent in Deqing County, Zhejiang Province. The land use pattern has changed considerably due to rapid urbanization in the past 20 years. To portray the characteristics of land use changes in Deqing in recent years and reveal its impact on the agri-cultural heritage, we conducted an analysis based on interview, Third Land Resources Survey, and GlobeLand 30 data. It is found that that from 2005 to 2020, construction land in Deqing County has increased by 53.36 km2 and arable land has decreased by 62.33 km2, driven by industrial structure upgrading and urbanization expansion. Under the combined effect of environmental management policies, economic benefits and various technologies, the area of aquaculture has increased rapidly, with a total increase of 117.75 km2 in fifteen years. However, the area of mulberry land has decreased by 19.76 km2 between 1992 and 2019 due to poor economic performance. In terms of spatial distribution, changes are mainly concentrated in the eastern water network plain area, which is also the location of the Deqing Traditional Freshwater Pearl Culture and Utilization System. This study shows that land use change has affected the structure of the traditional ecological agricultural landscape of"grain-mulberry-fish-livestock"system and the ecological processes behind it by weakening the material and energy flow and circulation between different land use types and threatening the agri-cultural heritage heritage system. In the future, the residents' sense of recognition of agri-cultural heritage should be improved, the related traditional knowledge and technology should be inherited, and ecological impacts should be reduced. |
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