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| 生物炭修复寒区镍和镉复合污染酸性土壤的多级筛选及其作用特征研究 |
| Multi-stage screening of biochar and its effect on remediation of nickel and cadmium contaminated acidic soil in a cold region |
| 投稿时间：2021-03-16 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2021.0147 |
| 中文关键词: 镍，镉，复合污染，土壤修复，改性生物炭，形态分布，亚细胞分布，小白菜 |
| 英文关键词: nickel, cadmium, combined pollution, soil remediation, modified biochar, speciation distribution, subcellular distribution, pakchoi (Brassica campestris L.) |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（42077137）；吉林省科技厅重点研发项目（20200403003SF） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究生物炭在寒区镍和镉复合污染酸性土壤修复方面的应用效果，通过溶液-土壤-植物三级筛选技术，系统研究了各类生物炭对镍和镉的吸附与固定及其对小白菜吸收、富集、转运镍和镉的影响。结果表明，在高温（600℃）下制备的生物炭对镍和镉的吸附能力较强，不同改性条件下菌糠炭和鸡粪炭对溶液中镍和镉的饱和吸附量和解吸量差异较大，其中CaCl2和KMnO4改性菌糠炭对镍和镉均有较强的吸附能力，且吸附后的镍和镉不易解吸。另外，CaCl2和KMnO4改性菌糠炭对土壤中有效态镍的固定率分别可达72.30%和67.30%，对有效态镉的固定率分别为52.05%和51.10%，且固定的镍和镉在土壤酸化和冻融条件下不易释放。CaCl2和KMnO4改性菌糠炭可以使土壤和叶片中的镍和镉由高迁移性向低迁移性转化，增强细胞壁和液泡等对镍和镉的固定截留能力，从而降低小白菜对土壤中镍和镉的富集和转运，使小白菜的株高、鲜质量、叶绿素、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的含量都显著增加，其中CaCl2改性菌糠炭的作用效果更为明显。综合溶液-土壤-植物三级筛选结果，CaCl2改性菌糠炭在寒区镍和镉复合污染酸性土壤安全、高效和持续修复方面具有重要的实际应用价值。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Biochar has been widely considered an effective material for the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. However, there are scant systematic and in-depth data concerning the remediation of acid soil polluted by nickel and cadmium in cold regions.This lack of knowledge has hindered the practical application of biochar. In this paper, the adsorption and immobilization of nickel and cadmium on biochar and the effect of biochar on absorption, enrichment, and transport of nickel and cadmium by pakchoi(Brassica campestris L.) were systematically studied by the solution-soil-plant three-stage screening technology. Biochar prepared at high temperature(600℃) potently adsorbed nickel and cadmium. Under the different modified conditions, the saturated adsorption and desorption capacities of nickel and cadmium on biochar derived from mushroom residue and chicken manure differed markedly. CaCl2 and KMnO4 modified biochar derived from mushroom residue had a strong adsorption capacity for nickel and cadmium, which were not easily desorbed. The immobilization efficiency for nickel in soil by CaCl2 and KMnO4 modified biochar derived from mushroom residue on soil reached 72.30% and 67.30% respectively. The respective immobilization efficiencies for cadmium were 52.05% and 51.10%. The immobilized nickel and cadmium were difficult to release under soil acidification and freeze-thaw conditions. CaCl2 and KMnO4 modified biochar derived from mushroom residue could transform nickel and cadmium in soil and leaves from high to low mobilities, and enhance the retention of nickel and cadmium in cell walls and vacuoles. This reduced the accumulation and transportation of nickel and cadmium in soil and significantly increased the plant height, fresh weight, and the contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugar, and soluble protein in pakchoi. The biochar derived from CaCl2 modified mushroom residue was most effective. The data indicate the practical application value of biochar for the efficient and safe remediation of acidic soils polluted by nickel and cadmium in cold regions. |
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