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| 添加生物质炭对羊粪堆肥腐殖化的影响 |
| Effects of biochar addition on humification of sheep manure compost |
| 投稿时间：2021-03-06 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2021.0130 |
| 中文关键词: 生物质炭，热解温度，堆肥，腐植酸，羊粪，菌渣 |
| 英文关键词: biochar, pyrolysis temperature, composting, humic acid, sheep dung, fungus residue |
| 基金项目:江苏省基础研究计划（自然科学基金）面上项目（BK20181165）；江苏省第五期"333高层次人才培养工程"科研项目（BRA2020128）；苏州市农业科学院科研基金项目（21012） |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 王海候 | 江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所, 江苏 苏州 215100
国家土壤质量相城观测实验站, 江苏 苏州 215100 | | 程月琴 | 南京市耕地质量保护站, 南京 210019 | | 金梅娟 | 江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所, 江苏 苏州 215100
国家土壤质量相城观测实验站, 江苏 苏州 215100 | | 刘泽凯 | 江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所, 江苏 苏州 215100 | | 韩奇隆 | 江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所, 江苏 苏州 215100 | | 施林林 | 江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所, 江苏 苏州 215100
国家土壤质量相城观测实验站, 江苏 苏州 215100 | | 沈明星 | 国家土壤质量相城观测实验站, 江苏 苏州 215100 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨添加生物质炭条件下羊粪堆肥的腐殖化特征，采用静态堆制、高温好氧发酵的方法设置了3个处理，以羊粪与食用菌渣鲜质量比9∶1混合体作为初级物料，在初级物料上分别添加450、650℃热解的稻壳生物质炭（占初级物料干质量百分比15%，BC450、BC650）以及未炭化的稻壳（与生物质炭等体积，CK），进行43 d的堆肥试验，监测了堆肥体水溶性有机物、总有机碳、可提取腐植酸含量等，分析了堆肥体腐殖化率、胡富比等。结果表明，与CK处理相比，添加生物质炭促进了羊粪与食用菌渣混合堆肥体的无害化及腐熟，其中BC650处理对堆肥腐解的促进作用优于BC450处理，但两者间无显著差异（P>0.05）；堆肥过程中BC450、BC650处理较CK处理减少了水溶性有机物、可提取腐植酸、富里酸、胡敏酸含量，降低了堆肥腐殖化率、腐殖化指数，提高了总有机碳、胡敏素含量，提升了胡富比，堆肥43 d后，BC450、BC650处理的可提取腐植酸含量比CK处理分别降低了29.32%、42.37%，富里酸含量分别降低了38.05%、46.77%，胡敏酸含量分别降低了26.28%、40.83%，但BC450、BC650处理之间均无显著差异（P>0.05）。综合堆温、种子发芽指数、腐植酸及其组成等腐殖化特征来看，添加生物质炭促进了堆肥的腐解，虽没有提升腐植酸及其组分的绝对含量，但提高了腐植酸的稳定度，且450℃热解的稻壳生物质炭堆肥腐殖化程度优于650℃热解生物质炭。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the humification characteristics of sheep manure compost following the addition of biochar, static stacking and high temperature aerobic fermentation was adopted. The three treatments involved mixtures of sheep dung and edible fungus residue with a fresh-weight ratio of 9:1 as the primary material. Rice husk biochar pyrolysis at 450℃ and 650℃(15% dry weight of the primary material) was added to the primary material as BC450 and BC650 treatments, respectively. The uncharred rice husk(the same volume as biochar) was added to the primary material as the CK treatment. The composting experiment was carried out for 43 d. The compost was monitored for water soluble organic matter; total organic carbon; extracted humic acid; contents of fulvic acid, humic acid, and humin; humus, humic, and fulvic acid ratios; and humus index. Compared with the CK treatment, the addition of biochar promoted the innocuity and decay of the mixed compost body of sheep manure and edible fungus residue. BC650 treatment better promoted compost decomposition compared with BC450 treatment, but the difference was not significant(P>0.05). Compared with CK treatment, BC450 and BC650 treatments reduced the contents of water-soluble organic matter, extractable humic acid, fulminic acid and humic acid in the composting process, reduced the humification rate and humification index of the compost, increased total organic carbon and humin content, and increased the humic fulvic acid ratio and the percentage of humic acid. After 43 d of composting, compared with CK treatment, the content of extractable humic acid in the BC450 and BC650 treatments was reduced by 29.32% and 42.37%, the content of fulic acid decreased by 38.05% and 46.77%, and the humic acid content was decreased by 26.28% and 40.83%, respectively. No significant differences were evident between the BC450 and BC650 treatments(P>0.05). Combined with humic acid and its components, the addition of biochar promoted the decomposition of compost. Although the absolute contents of humic acid and its components was not increased, the stability of humic acid was improved. Moreover, the stability of humic acid treated by BC450 was better than humic acid treated by BC650. |
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