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| 有机替代对长江流域水稻产量和籽粒含氮量的影响 |
| Effects of substituting manure for fertilizer on yield and nitrogen content of rice grain in the Yangtze River basin |
| 投稿时间：2021-06-18 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2021.0380 |
| 中文关键词: 有机肥，籽粒品质，土壤性质，气候因素，整合分析，随机森林 |
| 英文关键词: organic fertilizer, grain quality, soil properties, climate, meta-analysis, random forest |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（42077098）；国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0200301）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费（1610132021023） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探明有机替代对我国长江流域水稻产量和籽粒含氮量的影响，本研究通过搜集已发表的文献，建立了207组包含不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（NPK）和有机肥替代部分化学氮肥（NPKM）处理下水稻产量和籽粒含氮量的数据库。采用整合分析的方法，定量计算了有机替代在不同施肥措施、土壤性质和气候因素下对长江流域水稻产量和籽粒含氮量的影响；采用随机森林模型明确了影响有机替代效果的主控因素。结果表明，施肥能够显著提高水稻的产量和籽粒含氮量，NPK处理下产量和籽粒含氮量较CK处理分别提高了2.3 t·hm-2和1.2 g·kg-1。与NPK相比，NPKM处理下水稻的产量和籽粒含氮量分别显著提升了3.7%和1.9%。NPKM处理对产量和籽粒含氮量的影响存在区域差异。NPKM处理在总施氮量低于250 kg·hm-2、替代比例30%~60%时能够显著提高水稻的产量和籽粒含氮量。NPKM处理在土壤养分含量较高的条件下有利于水稻产量的提升，在土壤养分含量较低的条件下有利于籽粒含氮量的提升。在年均降雨量≤1 200 mm、年日照时数>1 800 h、年均温>15℃条件下，NPKM处理能够显著提高水稻的产量和籽粒含氮量。影响NPKM处理水稻产量的主要因素是替代比例、土壤pH和年均降雨量，而影响籽粒含氮量的主要因素是土壤有效磷、全氮含量以及土壤pH。综上所述，有机肥替代部分化学氮肥能够显著提高我国长江流域水稻的产量和籽粒含氮量，在中游地区提升效果更佳，有机替代总氮施用量应低于250 kg·hm-2，替代比例以30%~60%为宜。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| It is essential to clarify the effects of substituting manure for chemical fertilizer on the yield and nitrogen(N) content of rice grains in the Yangtze River basin for high-quality grain production and fertilizer application reduction. This study was conducted based on a grain yield and N content of rice database, including 207 sets on no fertilization(CK); chemical N, P, and K fertilization(NPK); and substituting manure for fertilizer(NPKM), as collected from 42 published articles. The effect of substituting manure for fertilizer on yield and N content of rice grain was quantified in different fertilization measures, soil properties, and climatic factors by meta-analysis. The importance of various environmental factors on this effect was identified by random forest analysis. Compared with the CK, the yield and grain N content under NPK treatment increased by 2.3 t · hm-2 and 1.2 g · kg-1, respectively, suggesting that fertilization significantly increased the yield and N content of rice grain. Compared with NPK, the NPKM treatment increased the yield and grain N content by 3.7% and 1.9%, respectively. The effect of NPKM treatment on yield and grain N content varied across regions. The NPKM treatment significantly increased the yield and grain N content of rice under the conditions of a <250 kg · hm-2 N application rate and 30%~60% substitution ratio. Manure substitution was more conducive to improving yield in soil with higher nutrient content while increasing grain N content in soil with low nutrient content. The yield and N content of rice grains could be significantly increased under the condition of average annual rainfall ≤ 1 200 mm, annual sunshine duration>1 800 h, and annual average temperature>15℃ by substituting manure for fertilizer. The main factors affecting yield increase in NPKM were the rate of manure substitution, soil pH, and average annual rainfall, while the affected grain N content increase was soil properties(available phosphorus, total nitrogen, and pH). Substituting manure for fertilizer could significantly increase the yield and N content of rice grains in the Yangtze River basin, especially in the middle Yangtze River region. The N application rate should be less than 250 kg·hm-2 when substituting manure for fertilizer and the substitution ratio 30%~60%. |
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