| Waste management is an important part of agricultural and rural environmental remediation. At present, many practical attempts have been carried out in rural areas regarding sorting, collection, transportation and treatment and disposal. It is necessary to timely and in-depth understand the current situation of waste management in rural and town areas. The study systemically summaries the characteristics and existing problems of three illustrative cases, including separation, collection and transportation, resource utilization as well as thermophilic treatment of rural and town wastes through comparative analysis of the achievement status of the index of illustrative cases. These cases are from collection activities of practical technology and illustrative case of the 2021 rural waste management. The study is expected to provide a reference for the efficient promotion of waste treatment in rural and town areas in China. For sorting-transportation of rural waste, innovative management mechanisms such as “five-nets collaboration”, “one home one code”, and “third-part operation” play important roles in promoting rural waste management. However, there are some issues including no data support for 3E targets effects, less population involved in cases as well as generalizability of the cases, which requires to be addressed. As for cases of resource utilization, upgraded aerobic composting for the treatment of rural waste is characterized by cost-effective, readily operation and good generalizability. Although mechanical composting for the treatment of putrescible (food) waste is widely applied due to highly efficient of waste reduction, it is costly and low quality of final residues due to short solid retention time in some cases. Bioconversion of food waste via housefly larvae by using a series of intelligent equipment and facility is a promising approach since significant waste reduction rate and resource utilization extent has been verified. In addition, most cases of heat treatment of rural waste have problems such as unstable operation and pollutant discharge not up to standard. Therefore, research and practice on raw material control and pyrolysis (incineration) process optimization need to be strengthened. |
