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| 黄土高原半干旱区尾菜高量埋压抑制土壤氮淋溶的研究 |
| Researching on inhibition of soil nitrogen leaching by covering soil and burying large amount of vegetable waste in semi-arid area of Loess Plateau |
| 投稿时间：2022-02-15 修订日期：2022-05-05 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 尾菜 高量埋压 水分 NH4+-N NO3--N 氮淋溶 |
| 英文关键词: vegetable waste heavy burying soil water content NH4+-N NO3--N nitrogen leaching |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】为了明确尾菜高量埋压后是否会带来土壤氮淋溶风险，【研究方法】设计了不同尾菜埋压厚度和表层覆土厚度的组合试验，分析不同土壤深度水分和无机氮（NH4+-N和NO3--N）时间变化特征。【结果】埋压尾菜厚度0.2~0.6 m和表层覆土厚度0.1~0.3 m时,在前10天表层土壤水分快速增加，较对照QT提高了40%~110%，尾菜向深层土壤补水深度最大为1.6 m；实验开始土壤无机氮以NH4+-N增加为主，下移深度仅为0.6 m，试验后第80天时，NO3--N快速积累，最大下移深度为0.8 m，土壤无机氮主要集中于耕作层深度，尾菜层上、下0.1 m土壤无机氮含量是当地高产玉米农田的1~3.5倍。当尾菜埋压厚度达到3.0 m，表层覆0.4 m厚黄土时，尾菜向深层土壤补水深度为5.0 m，NH4+-N下移深度为1.5 m，试验后第193天时NO3–-N增加不显著，与对照无差异，尾菜层上、下0.1 m土壤无机氮含量是高产玉米农田的3.5~4.2倍。【结论】在黄土高原半干旱地区，采用覆土埋压法将尾菜高量还田，可以显著增加土壤水分和无机氮固存量，尾菜厚度、表面覆土厚度与土壤水分、土壤无机氮累积量和NH4+-N含量呈正相关，与土壤NO3--N含量呈负相关，无机氮并未随土壤水分向深层土壤淋溶。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore whether there is a risk of nitrogen leaching under a great quantity of vegetable waste are returned to the field, the combined test of different thickness of burying vegetable waste and thickness of covering surface soil were designed to analyze the temporal variation characteristics of soil moisture and inorganic nitrogen （NH4+-N and NO3--N）in different soil depths. When the thickness of burying vegetable waste was 0.2~0.6 m and the thickness of topsoil was 0.1~0.3 m, the surface soil moisture increased rapidly in the first 10 days, which was 40% ~110% higher than the control QT. The maximum depth of vegetable waste replenishing water to the depth was 1.6 m; At the beginning of the test, the soil inorganic nitrogen was mainly increased by NH4+-N, and the downward moving depth was only 0.6 m. On the 80th day after the test, NO3--N accumulated rapidly, and the maximum downward moving depth was 0.8 m. The soil inorganic nitrogen was mainly deposited in the depth of tillage layer. The soil inorganic nitrogen content levels were 1.0~3.5 times higher than that of high-yield maize field; When the buried thickness of vegetable waste reaches 3.0 m and the surface layer is covered with 0.4 m thick loess, the vegetable waste replenish water to the depth soil was 5.0 m，NH4+-N moved down to a depth of 1.5 m, and the increase of NH4+-N was not significant which compared with TQ on the 193th day after the test. The fertilizer efficiency level of soil inorganic nitrogen was 3.5~4.2 times that of high-yield maize farmland. In the semi-arid Loess Plateau, the large amount of vegetable waste returned to the field by covering soil and buried pressure method can significantly increase the content of soil moisture and inorganic nitrogen. The thickness of vegetable waste and surface soil covering are positively correlated with soil moisture，soil inorganic nitrogen accumulation and NH4+-N content, and negatively correlated with NO3--N，the inorganic nitrogen does not leach into the deep soil with infiltrating soil water. |
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