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| 土壤渗滤系统处理农村黑灰水对庭院菜地土壤环境的影响 |
| Effects of rural black-gray water treatment by soil infiltration system on the soil environment of vegetable garden |
| 投稿时间：2021-06-30 修订日期：2021-09-02 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2021.0404 |
| 中文关键词: 土壤渗滤系统 农村黑灰水 菜地 土壤环境 |
| 英文关键词: soil infiltration system rural black-gray water vegetable field soil environment |
| 基金项目:中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项院级统筹项目(2020年度和2021年度) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究土壤渗滤系统处理农村黑灰水对庭院菜地土壤环境的影响，以天津市宁河区张老仁庄一农户为示范户，于2020年7月13日在其庭院外建造三格化粪池+渗滤沟式土壤渗滤系统，同时在土壤渗滤系统上方建造菜园，设置4个处理组：空白对照组（CK）、白菜组（BC）、黄瓜组（HG）、水萝卜组（SLB），探究土壤渗滤系统处理农村黑灰水对庭院菜地土壤理化指标[全氮（TN）和全磷（TP）]、卫生学指标（粪大肠菌值和蛔虫卵死亡率）、微生物群落及蔬菜卫生学指标的影响。结果表明，在土壤理化指标方面，菜地各处理组两土层TN含量总体呈先上升后下降的趋势。对于BC、HG和SLB，从蔬菜种植到收割，表层土（0~20 cm）TN含量分别提高589.77%、356.93%和70.00%，深层土（20~40 cm）TN含量分别提高266.46%、718.22%和148.70%。菜地各处理组两土层TP含量呈先上升后下降再上升的趋势，整体上对于表层土而言，除了CK下降9.66%外，其余3个处理组TP含量分别提高了0.14%、4.53%、3.09%；对于深层土，4个处理组TP含量均有下降，分别下降16.63%、8.65%、18.89%和4.35%。在微生物群落方面，土壤渗滤系统处理农村黑灰水对菜地深层土壤细菌群落多样性和丰富度均有显著促进作用（P<0.05），同时降低了致病微生物相对丰度。在卫生学指标方面，庭院菜地土壤粪大肠菌值和蛔虫卵死亡率均符合《粪便无害化卫生要求》（GB 7959—2012）。在蔬菜卫生学指标方面，三种蔬菜粪大肠菌群数均低于3 MPN·g-1，蛔虫卵死亡率均达到100%。研究表明，在蔬菜种植期间，土壤渗滤系统处理农村黑灰水会显著提高菜地TN、TP含量，经土壤渗滤系统处理农村黑灰水前后的菜地土壤卫生学指标均达到无害化要求，土壤渗滤系统处理农村黑灰水可改善菜地土壤微生物生长繁殖环境，同时降低致病微生物对环境的风险，在土壤渗滤系统上方建造菜园合理且不会影响蔬菜食用安全性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the effect of rural black-gray water treatment by a soil infiltration system on the soil environment of garden vegetable fields,a three-compartment septic tank+infiltration trench infiltration system was established in Zhanglaorenzhuang in the Ninghe District of Tianjin City on 13 July 2020.Vegetable garden with four treatment groups,namely,control (CK),cabbage (BC),cucumber (HG),summer radish (SLB),were built above the soil infiltration system simultaneously to explore the influences of infiltration trench system on the following physical and chemical indicators:the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) content,a hygienic index using fecal coliforms and ascaris egg mortality,a biological index,and indicators of vegetable hygiene.Results showed that the TN content in two soil layers of the vegetable field in each treatment group showed an increasing and then decreasing trend for the physical and chemical indicators.For the BC,HG,and SLB groups,the TN content in the topsoil increased by 589.77%,356.93%,and 70.00%,respectively,and in the deep soil by 266.46%,718.22%,and 148.70%,respectively,from planting to harvesting.The TP content in the vegetable fields of all treatment groups showed an increasing,then decreasing,and then increasing trend.For the topsoil,the TP content of the CK group decreased by 9.66% but increased in the other three treatment groups by 0.14%,4.53%,and 3.09%.For deep soil,the TP content in four treatment groups decreased by 16.63%,8.65%,18.89%,and 4.35%,respectively.In terms of biological indicators,the treatment of rural black-gray water by the soil filtration system promoted the diversity and richness of the soil bacterial community in deep vegetable fields (P<0.05) and decreased the relative abundance of pathogenic microorganisms.Moreover,the fecal coliforms and mortality of ascarid eggs of the garden vegetable soil met the Hygienic requirements for harmless disposal of night soil(GB 7959-2012).In addition,the fecal coliform content of the three types of vegetables was less than 3 MPN·g-1,whereas the ascarid egg mortality was 100%.In conclusion,the soil infiltration system treatment of rural black-gray water can significantly increase the soil TN and TP content in vegetable fields during vegetable planting.The soil hygiene indicators of vegetable fields before and after the treatment of rural black ash water by the soil infiltration system meet the harmlessness requirement.The treatment of rural black-gray water by a soil infiltration system can improve the growth and reproduction environment of soil microorganisms in vegetable fields,reducing the risk of disease-treating microorganisms to the environment.Thus,building a garden on top of a soil infiltration system is possible without compromising vegetable safety. |
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