油葵对沼液灌溉引起的盐碱胁迫响应

范佳雪; 李永涛; 胡传鹤; 李杰; 张振; 李冬琴; 李文彦

文章摘要

油葵对沼液灌溉引起的盐碱胁迫响应

Response of sunflower to salt and alkali stress induced by biogas slurry irrigation

投稿时间：2021-09-10

DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2021.0609

中文关键词: 油葵，沼液，盐胁迫，碱胁迫，离子稳态

英文关键词: sunflower, biogas slurry, salt stress, alkali stress, ionic homeostasis

基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系；广东省基础与应用基础研究基金（2020A1515010556）；温氏食品集团股份有限公司五五规划重点项目（WENS-2020-1-ZDHB-001）

作者	单位	E-mail
范佳雪	陕西科技大学环境科学与工程学院，西安 710016
李永涛	陕西科技大学环境科学与工程学院，西安 710016 华南农业大学资源环境学院，广州 510642
胡传鹤	陕西科技大学环境科学与工程学院，西安 710016
李杰	华南农业大学资源环境学院，广州 510642
张振	华南农业大学资源环境学院，广州 510642 广东省温氏集团研究院，广东云浮 527400
李冬琴	华南农业大学资源环境学院，广州 510642
李文彦	华南农业大学资源环境学院，广州 510642	lily1984191@scau.edu.cn

摘要点击次数: 1438

全文下载次数: 1101

中文摘要:

为解决养殖业废弃物沼液长期灌溉引起农田盐渍化风险问题，本研究选择油葵作为沼液消纳作物研究其耐盐碱性并进行大田验证。通过室内模拟沼液中盐分主要的胁迫类型，配制不同浓度盐、碱离子进行油葵种子发芽胁迫实验，明确油葵发芽期对沼液中盐、碱胁迫的耐受阈值，同时大田实验设置不同沼液灌溉量灌溉油葵，观测生长状况和农艺性状，综合分析油葵对盐、碱胁迫的响应机制。结果表明，油葵发芽对中性盐耐受阈值在180~240 mmol·L^-1之间，对碱性盐离子耐受阈值在60~120 mmol·L^-1之间。发芽过程中，碱性盐离子浓度为60 mmol·L^-1时，细胞膜相对透性为24%，与中性盐（22%）相近，但相对盐害率为32.36%，显著高于中性盐处理（1.45%），K⁺/Na⁺下降91.11%~92.81%，中性盐处理下K⁺/Na⁺下降79.90%~87.33%。大田试验利用Na⁺浓度约为35 mmol·L^-1沼液长期灌溉油葵，在低灌溉量（150 m³·hm^-2）下，油葵各农艺性状变化不大，且K⁺/Na⁺差异不显著，但在高灌溉量（600 m³·hm^-2）下，油葵生长各农艺指标受到抑制，各组织K⁺/Na⁺下降57%~88%。研究表明，碱性盐产生的高pH危害高于盐离子渗透胁迫，且碱性盐会更大程度破坏油葵离子稳态，影响油葵发芽与生长。利用养殖业废弃物中沼液作为再生水资源灌溉农田，应控制其HCO₃^-、CO₃^2-的含量，调控废水pH，以降低对农作物的伤害。

英文摘要:

To solve the risk of farmland salinization caused by long-term irrigation of biogas slurry, sunflower was selected as the biogas slurry- absorbing crop to study its saline-alkali resistance and to conduct field verification. In the laboratory experiment, sunflowers were treated with different concentrations of neutral salt and alkali solution to simulate the main stress types of salt in biogas slurry, to determine the tolerance threshold of sunflower during the germination period under salt and alkali stress. At the same time, sunflowers were irrigated with different amounts of biogas slurry in field experiments, and the growth status and agronomic characteristics were observed to comprehensively analyze the response mechanism of sunflower to salt and alkali stress. The results demonstrated that the tolerance threshold of sunflower to neutral salt ranged from 180 mmol·L^-1 to 240 mmol·L^-1, and the tolerance threshold to alkaline salt ranged from 60 mmol·L^-1 to 120 mmol·L^-1. When the concentration of alkaline salt was 60 mmol·L^-1, the relative permeability of the cell membrane was 24%, which was similar to that of the neutral salt(22%), but the relative salt harm rate was 32.36%, which was significantly higher than that of the neutral salt(1.45%). K⁺/Na⁺ decreased by 91.11%~92.81%, which was higher than that decreased by the neutral salt(79.90%~87.33%). Meanwhile, when the sunflower was irrigated with 35 mmol · L^-1 Na⁺ concentration biogas slurry for a long time in the field experiment, there was no significant change in K⁺/Na⁺ in the low irrigation rate(150 m³ · hm^-2), but the production of sunflower was significantly inhibited at high irrigation rates(600 m³·hm^-2), and K⁺/Na⁺ decreased by 57%~88% in all tissues. The results showed that the damage of high pH caused by alkaline salt is more harmful than that by salt ion osmotic stress, and the alkaline salt would destroy the ionic homeostasis of sunflowers to a greater extent and affect the germination and growth of sunflowers. Furthermore, we found that the content of HCO₃^- and CO₃^2- should be controlled when biogas slurry is used as reclaimed water for the irrigation of agricultural lands, and the pH of wastewater should be regulated to reduce the damage to crops. These provide a theoretical basis for sunflower planting in saline-alkaline land, eliminating aquaculture waste and alleviating salt harm.

HTML 查看全文查看/发表评论下载PDF阅读器

关闭