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| 农户粪肥施用的关键驱动和障碍因素——以曲周为例 |
| The key drivers and barriers of manure application: A farm survey in Quzhou County |
| 投稿时间：2020-11-17 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2020.0674 |
| 中文关键词: 计划行为理论，粪肥施用，农民态度，驱动因素，障碍因素，政策激励 |
| 英文关键词: theory of planned behavior, manure application, farmer attitudes, drivers, barriers, policy incentives |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划政府间专项（2016YFE0103100）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（31772393） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 畜禽粪肥替代部分化肥还田施用可有效降低作物生产成本和环境成本，促进农业绿色发展。然而，在实际农业生产中存在很多社会经济因素阻碍农户施用粪肥。因此，理解粪肥施用的关键驱动和障碍因素，对化肥减量和提高粪肥还田利用率具有十分重要的意义。本研究以计划行为理论为框架进行问卷设计，以河北省曲周县为研究区域，通过农户调研探究农户粪肥施用的认知和意愿。结果表明，粮食种植体系粪肥用户占比仅为25%，蔬菜和果树种植体系粪肥用户则分别高达95% 和87%。粪肥施用的关键障碍因素包括高昂的粪肥施用成本和负面的农学及环境效应。与经济作物（蔬菜和水果）种植户相比，粮食种植户认知到的粪肥施用障碍因素更多。粪肥施用的主要驱动因素包括提高作物产量、提高土壤肥力、增加农业收入。社会参与方对农户粪肥施用具有积极作用。研究表明，为促进农户粪肥施用，需要利益相关者共同参与，政府应提供政策激励措施，并加强指导，以提高农户对粪肥施用的认知水平。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Replacing chemical fertilizer with animal manure can effectively reduce the costs of crop production and environmental protection and promote agricultural green development. However, there are many social and economic factors in agricultural production hindering the application of manure. It is of great importance to understand the key drivers and barriers of manure application and improve manure recycling and fertilizer reduction. The theory of planned behavior was applied to study the intentions of individual farmers to apply manure by using a detailed questionnaire in Quzhou County, Hebei Province. Our results showed that only 25% cereal farmers used manure, while the share of manure users in vegetable and fruit systems were up to 95% and 87%, respectively. The key barriers of manure application are high costs and negative agronomic and environmental effects. Cereal farmers perceived more barriers than vegetable and fruit farmers. The major drivers included increment of crop yields, improvement of soil fertility, and increment of agricultural income. Social participants had a positive effect on manure application. To promote the application of manure by farmers, government need to participate together to provide policy incentives, strengthen guidance, and improve farmers' awareness of manure. |
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