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| 有机肥添加对不同磷肥用量新疆棉田磷素状况及棉花产量的影响 |
| Effects of organic fertilizer addition on field phosphorus status and yield under different amounts of phosphorus fertilization in cotton field in Xinjiang, China |
| 投稿时间：2020-12-21 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2020.0767 |
| 中文关键词: 有机肥，棉花，累积吸磷量，磷肥利用率 |
| 英文关键词: organic fertilizers, cotton, plant uptake, phosphorus fertilization rate |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41761067）；国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFD0200205-6）；新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金（2017D01A37） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究有机肥添加对不同磷肥用量新疆棉田土壤磷素有效性、植株磷吸收和分配、产量构成和棉田磷平衡的影响，采用大田试验的方法，在不同磷肥用量（0、50、100、150 kg·hm-2，以P2O5计）基础上，设置未施有机肥对照处理和添加有机肥处理（有机肥4 500 kg·hm-2），测定棉花不同生育时期土壤有效磷含量、植株吸磷量和磷分配比例、籽棉产量，计算了棉田磷肥利用率和磷素平衡状况。结果表明：棉田土壤有效磷表现出随施磷量增加而增加的趋势，添加有机肥的处理土壤有效磷含量整体高于未添加有机肥处理。植株累积吸磷量呈现出随施磷量增加而增加的趋势，在施磷水平为150 kg·hm-2时，植株累积吸磷量整体较高。籽棉产量随施磷量增加表现出先增加后略有降低的趋势，添加有机肥处理的产量总体高于未添加有机肥处理，且在施磷量100 kg·hm-2时最高，为5 642 kg·hm-2。磷肥利用率在施磷量100 kg·hm-2并配施有机肥时达到最优，为37.24%；随施磷量的增加，棉田土壤磷素盈余量呈增加的趋势，在施磷量100 kg·hm-2并配施有机肥时，棉田磷素收支开始出现盈余，盈余量为16.82 kg·hm-2。综上，在磷肥减施条件下有机肥添加可通过提高土壤磷素有效性、调节棉花磷素吸收和分配来影响棉籽产量；在综合考虑土壤磷素有效性、棉花磷素吸收和产量、磷肥利用率和棉田磷素收支平衡的基础上，建议新疆棉田磷肥施用量为100 kg·hm-2，并配施有机肥。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This research aimed to study the effect of different phosphorus fertilizer rates and organic fertilizer addition on the soil phosphorus availability, plant uptake and distribution, yield composition, and field phosphorus balance of cotton fields in Xinjiang, which would help increase phosphate fertilizer use efficiency and the sustainable phosphate management of cotton field in Xinjiang. Different phosphorus fertilization rate treatments(0, 50, 100 kg·hm-2, and 150 kg·hm-2), with and without organic fertilizer(organic fertilizer 4 500 kg · hm-2)were set under the field conditions. The contents of soil-available phosphorus and plant uptake, distribution, and yield were measured. The phosphate fertilizer use efficiency and field phosphorus balance were calculated. Results showed that: soil-available phosphorus showed an increasing tendency with the increase of phosphorus fertilization rate; soil-available phosphorus content in the treatment with organic fertilizer was higher than that in the treatment without organic fertilizer. The plants ' accumulated phosphorus uptake showed an increasing trend, with the highest value found at 150 kg·hm-2. With the increase of phosphorus application, the seed cotton yield first increased and then slightly decreased. The yield of the treatment with organic fertilizer was generally greater than that of the treatment without organic fertilizer. The seed cotton yield was highest(5 642 kg · hm-2)at 100 kg · hm-2 when organic fertilizers were added. The phosphate fertilizer recovery rate was optimal(37.24%)at 100 kg·hm-2. With the increase of phosphorus fertilization rate, field phosphorus surplus showed an increasing trend, with the first positive value found at 100 kg·hm-2(16.82 kg·hm-2). Organic fertilizer addition under a reduced phosphorus fertilizer application condition could change soil phosphorus availability and plant uptake, distribution, and seed cotton yield. Based on soil phosphorus availability, plant phosphorus uptake and distribution, yield and field phosphorus balance, it is recommended to add 100 kg·hm-2 organic fertilizer base on proper phosphorus fertilization rates in Xinjiang cotton fields. |
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