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| 放牧强度对干旱区高寒草地土壤线虫群落结构的影响 |
| Effects of grazing intensity on soil nematode community structure in alpine grasslands in arid region |
| 投稿时间：2020-11-17 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2020.0675 |
| 中文关键词: 放牧强度，土壤线虫，生物多样性，巴音布鲁克，干旱区，群落结构 |
| 英文关键词: grazing intensity, soil nematodes, biodiversity, Bayanbulak, arid region, community structure |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（31960258）；南京农业大学-新疆农业大学联合基金项目（KYYJ201702） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了解不同放牧强度对巴音布鲁克高寒草地土壤线虫群落结构的影响，以巴音布鲁克高寒草地不同放牧强度（以羊数量计）下的土壤为研究对象，研究了轻度放牧（0.65只·hm-2）、中度放牧（2.09只·hm-2）和重度放牧（4.15只·hm-2）对土壤线虫群落结构的影响。结果表明：三种放牧强度样地共获得土壤线虫1 698条，分属于32科38属，中度放牧强度下土壤线虫数量最多，达22属1 427条，重度放牧强度下土壤线虫的种类最多，达到26属191条。轻度放牧和中度放牧的共同优势属为绕线属（Plectus）和前矛线属（Prodorylamus），重度放牧强度下土壤线虫的优势属为丽突属（Acrobeles）和微矛线属（Microdorylaimus）。土壤线虫数量主要分布在0~5 cm土层，并随土层深度的增加而逐渐减少；中度放牧强度下食细菌类（Bacterivores）、食真菌类（Fungivores）、植物寄生类（Plant-parasites）和捕食/杂食类（Predators/Omnivores）线虫的数量显著高于轻度放牧和重度放牧。不同放牧强度下，土壤含水量、养分和pH影响土壤线虫数量、群落多样性和功能结构。研究表明，中度放牧强度下土壤线虫个体密度最高，土壤生态系统食物网相对稳定，有利于高寒草地生态系统的维持。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to understand the effects of different grazing intensities on the community structure of soil nematodes in the Bayanbulak alpine grassland, the effects of three grazing intensities(light: 0.65 sheep per hectare; moderate: 2.09 sheep per hectare; heavy: 4.15 sheep per hectare)on soil nematode community structure were studied. A total of 1 698 soil nematodes were obtained from the three grazing intensity plots, belonging to 32 families and 38 genera. Soil nematode numbers was the highest under moderate grazing, reaching 1 427 in 22 genera. Soil nematode species were maximum under heavy grazing intensity(26 genera and 191 species). The common dominant genera of light and moderate grazing were Plectus and Prodorylamus, and the dominant genera of soil nematodes at heavy grazing were Acrobeles and Microdorylaimus. Soil nematodes was mainly distributed in the 0~5 cm soil layer, and the number of soil nematodes gradually decreased with the increase in soil depth. Under moderate grazing intensity, bacterivores, fungivores, plant-parasites, and predators / omnivores were significantly higher than the numbers in light and heavy grazing. Soil environmental factors also affect soil nematode numbers, community diversity, and functional structure, such as soil water content, nutrients, and pH value. The density of soil nematodes is highest under moderate grazing intensity, and the food web of the soil ecosystem is relatively stable, which is beneficial to the maintenance of the alpine grassland ecosystem. |
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