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| 长期施用污泥对土壤-萝卜系统重金属积累及土壤养分含量的影响 |
| Effects of the long-term application of sludge on heavy metal accumulation and soil nutrient content in soil-radish system |
| 投稿时间：2020-08-22 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2020.0449 |
| 中文关键词: 长期施用，污泥，土壤重金属，积累，土壤养分，萝卜 |
| 英文关键词: long-term application, sludge, soil heavy metals, accumulation, soil nutrients, radish |
| 基金项目:福建省科技重大专项（2017NZ0001-1）；福建省农业科学院科技创新团队项目（STIT2017-2-10）；福建省省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项（2017R1022-1） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了探究不同用量污泥长期施用后对土壤-萝卜系统中重金属及土壤养分含量的影响，采用长期定位试验，研究连续10年单施化肥（CK）以及施用不同用量（4.5、9、13.5、18 t·hm-2）污泥对土壤、萝卜叶（地上部）和萝卜（地下部）中重金属（Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn）累积情况及土壤pH、有机质及氮磷钾含量的影响。结果表明：连续施用10年后，单施化肥和不同用量污泥处理对萝卜产量影响不大，土壤、萝卜叶和萝卜中的Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni、Cu和Zn含量均随污泥施用量的增加而增加，且中高量和高量污泥处理中重金属的累积量较大，显著或极显著高于对照、低量和中量处理。中量以上污泥处理土壤的Pb、Cr、Ni和Cu超出了土壤环境质量国家标准；除高量污泥处理Pb超标外，其他处理萝卜的各重金属含量均未超过食品安全国家标准。与CK处理相比，长期施用不同用量污泥能提高土壤pH 0.58~0.71个单位，并显著或极显著地提高有机质、全量氮磷以及速效氮磷含量。研究表明，连续10年施用不同用量污泥，土壤和萝卜中Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn的含量随污泥用量的增加而增加，其中Pb、Ni、Cr和Cu出现超标现象，萝卜中的重金属含量除高量污泥处理中Pb超标外，其他处理均未超过食品安全国家标准。随着作物产地土壤中污泥施用年限增长或用量增加，食品安全应得到更多的重视。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the effects of the long-term application of different amounts of sludge on soil nutrients and the contents of heavy metals in soils and radishes, a long-term positioning experiment was conducted. The effects of the accumulation of heavy metals, such as lead(Pb), cadmium(Cd), chromium(Cr), nickel(Ni), copper(Cu), and zinc(Zn), in soils and radishes were studied by applying chemical fertilizer(CK) and different levels of sludge(4.5, 9, 13.5 t·hm-2, and 18 t·hm-2). The pH values, organic matter(OM) content, and the total and available nutrients of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and potassium(K) in soils were also analyzed. The results showed that continuous application of the chemical fertilizer and sludge for 10 years had little impact on the yields of radish, and the contents of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn in the soils and radishes were increased with the increase of sludge dosages. When compared with the other treatments, the accumulation of heavy metals in treatments of medium-high and high amounts of sludge were significantly or extremely significantly high. However, the contents of Pb, Cr, Ni, and Cu in soils treated with above-medium levels of sludge exceeded the national soil environmental quality standard. Furthermore, most heavy metal contents in radishes were not beyond the national food safety standard, except for the Pb content in radish with a high amount of sludge. The soil pH values, OM content, and the total and available nutrients of N, P, and K were higher than those of the CK treatment. The soil pH values increased from 0.58 to 0.71 units. The contents of OM and nutrients increased significantly and extremely significantly, respectively. Therefore, after 10 years of applying different amounts of sludge, the contents of heavy metals in soils and radishes increased with the increase of the amount of sludge. Among them, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Cu exceeded the soil safety standard but only Pb content in radish in the treatment of high amounts of sludge exceeded the food safety standard. However, with the increase of test years or the amounts of sludge, more attention should be paid to food safety considerations. |
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