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| 麦季农田流失养分植物拦截技术体系研究 |
| Investigating the plant interception technology system on wheat-season farmland nutrient loss |
| 投稿时间：2020-08-12 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2020.0424 |
| 中文关键词: 麦季，流失养分，生态塘，植物拦截，优化施肥，径流，氮，磷，钾 |
| 英文关键词: wheat season, nutrient loss, ecological pond, biology hold up, optimized fertilizer practice, runoff, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0301201）；江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX（17）2024-4]；江苏省重点研发计划（现代农业）项目（BE2019377） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 本研究在农田排水沟渠末端增设农田生态塘，对麦季农田流失水体进行贮留，并通过在生态塘配置养分拦截植物进行养分富集研究，旨在为减轻我国农业面源污染提供技术支撑。小麦季农田设置农民习惯施肥（NN）和优化施肥（EN） 2个施肥水平；生态塘种植水芹菜和黑麦草2种拦截植物。结果表明：试验年度麦季农田共发生8次地表径流，麦季农田总地表径流水量为1 119.0 m3·hm-2。NN处理农田地表径流水体总N、总P、总K流失量分别为4.5、0.5、4.0 kg·hm-2，采用优化施肥能够减少农田地表径流养分流失量，EN处理总N、总P、总K流失量分别为3.9、0.4、3.8 kg·hm-2。本研究灌排单元农田面积为5.2 hm2，小麦季其农田地表径流水体总N、总P、总K流失量分别为23.3、2.4、20.8 kg，生态塘中水芹菜和黑麦草拦截农田N、P、K流失量分别为18.0、1.9、22.0 kg，植物养分拦截量占本灌排单元农田地表径流水体养分流失的77.3%、79.2%、105.8%。经折算，生态塘与农田的面积比例以1∶43~50为宜。研究表明，在太湖地区小麦田排水沟渠末端设置生态塘，并配置水芹菜和黑麦草2种养分富集植物，可拦截麦田地表径流氮磷养分超75%，有效减轻农业面源污染。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| An ecological pond was built to collect lost nutrients from the wheat-season farm outfall, and vegetables were planted in the pond to explore a new strategy for reducing agricultural production pollution and improving environmental safety. During the wheat season, overland runoff occurred eight times; The total farmland overland runoff was 1 119.0 m3·hm-2, and the irrigation-drainage cell area was 5.2 hm2. Two fertilizer practices were also investigated:the farmers' fertilizer practice(NN) and an optimized fertilizer practice(EN). Overland runoff losses on NN farmland were 4.5(Total nitrogen, TN), 0.5(Total phosphorus, TP), and 4.0(Total potassium, TK) kg·hm-2. Overland runoff losses decreased on EN farmland; with 3.9(TN), 0.4(TP), and 3.8(TK) kg·hm-2, respectively. The total overland runoff losses were 23.3(TN), 2.4(TP), and 20.8(TK) kg. Celery and ryegrass in the ecological pond intercepted the N, P, and K farmland nutrient losses (18.0, 1.9, and 22.0 kg, respectively), accounting for 77.3%(N), 79.2%(P), and 105.8%(K) of the irrigation-drainage cell inflow. The scaled ecological pond to farm proportion was 1:43~50. |
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