不同施肥制度对南方旱地红壤微生物组结构和功能影响研究进展

荀卫兵; 王伯仁; 冉炜; 沈其荣; 徐明岗; 张瑞福

文章摘要

不同施肥制度对南方旱地红壤微生物组结构和功能影响研究进展

Research progress on the effect of different fertilizations on microbiome structure and function in upland red soil in southern China

投稿时间：2020-08-21

DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2020.0448

中文关键词: 红壤微生物组，驱动机制，有机碳周转，氮磷代谢，微生物群落调控

英文关键词: red soil microbiome, driving mechanisms, organic carbon turnover, nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism, microbial community manipulation

基金项目:中国科协青年人才托举工程资助计划（2018QNRC001）；中央高校基本科研业务费（KYXK202004，KJQN201748）；中国农业科学院科技创新工程

作者	单位	E-mail
荀卫兵	南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室, 南京 210095
王伯仁	中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 祁阳农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 湖南祁阳 426182 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 耕地培育技术国家工程实验室, 北京 100081
冉炜	南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室, 南京 210095
沈其荣	南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室, 南京 210095
徐明岗	中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 耕地培育技术国家工程实验室, 北京 100081 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所, 广东湛江 524091
张瑞福	南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室, 南京 210095 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 农业农村部农业微生物资源收集与保藏重点实验室, 北京 100081	rfzhang@njau.edu.cn

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中文摘要:

土壤微生物组在促进土壤养分循环、提高土壤固碳能力和维持土壤肥力等方面具有重要的作用。红壤是我国南方重要的耕地资源，但其有机质含量低、水土流失严重，且面临着土壤酸化导致的活性铁铝增加、作物生长受限和微生物活性下降等严峻问题。我国近年来基于红壤旱地长期定位试验和短期培育试验开展了很多工作，在通过调控红壤微生物组以缓解土壤酸化、增加有机质含量和提高氮磷养分有效性方面取得了突破性进展。本文综述了红壤区农田土壤微生物组结构的主要驱动因素，回顾和比较了长期施用化肥、有机肥和有机无机配施等不同施肥制度对我国南方旱地红壤微生物组结构和功能影响的研究工作，阐述了有机培肥制度对红壤微生物群落多样性的积极效应；总结了配施有机肥在提高红壤有机碳周转功能类群和氮磷代谢功能类群丰度，促进红壤有机碳分解、维持有机质稳定和提高土壤氮磷养分有效性等方面的重要作用；探讨了高多样性微生物群落中关键特殊性代谢功能对驱动微生物群落装配和维持土壤生态功能稳定的作用。最后，对我国旱地红壤微生物组未来的研究方向进行了展望，强调了可以通过改进微生物培养策略、明确微生物组不同类群的功能特征和驱动因素、充分挖掘农业微生物组资源、开发调控红壤微生物组的微生物肥料产品和高效农业管理措施来提高红壤养分循环效率、促进有机质稳定和降低铁铝活性，充分发挥微生物组在红壤耕地资源可持续利用与农业绿色发展中的作用。

英文摘要:

Soil microbiome is essential for promoting soil nutrient cycling, improving soil carbon sequestration, and maintaining soil fertility in agro-ecosystems. Red soil is an important cultivated land resource in southern China. However, it usually has the ecological problems of low soil organic matter content and severe soil erosion, including critical problems under soil acidification, such as increasing concentrations of active Fe and Al, which limit crop growth and decrease microbial activity. In recent years, many studies have been conducted based on long-term field experiments and short-term incubation experiments in red soil areas. Breakthroughs have been made in alleviating soil acidification, increasing soil organic matter content, and improving nitrogen and phosphorus availability by manipulating red soil microbiome. This brief review compared the effects of inorganic or/and organic fertilization on the structure and function of soil microbiome in upland red soil in southern China, and the main driving factors of soil microbiome structure in red soil were determined. Then, the positive effects of organic cultivations on the diversity of soil microbial communities were reviewed. The contributions of organic fertilizer-stimulated functional groups in promoting soil organic carbon decomposition and enhancing soil organic matter stability, including those of functional groups in triggering soil nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism, were summarized. The mechanism of the specialized metabolic functions embedded in high diversity microbial community driving soil microbiome assembly and stability was also discussed. Finally, this review proposed future developments in the study of agricultural red soil microbiome, emphasizing the importance of strategies for improving soil microbiome cultivation, clarifying the functional characteristics and driving factors of different soil microbial groups, exploring agro-microbiome resources, and consequently developing microbial fertilizer products and efficient agricultural managements for soil microbiome manipulation to improve the nutrient cycling efficiency, promote the stability of soil organic matter, and reduce the activity of iron and aluminum in red soil. These approaches will contribute to the sustainable utilization of red soil resources and the development of green agriculture.

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