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| 猪粪中重金属元素含量及其变化特征分析 |
| Research on the contents and change characteristics of heavy metals in swine manure |
| 投稿时间：2020-07-02 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2020.0349 |
| 中文关键词: 猪粪，重金属，变化特征，定位监测 |
| 英文关键词: swine manure, heavy metal, change characteristics, location monitoring |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0800100）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（22060302008004） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究猪粪中重金属含量及其变化特征，以天津市某猪场为例，连续4年开展猪粪中7种主要重金属的定位监测，分析猪粪中重金属元素含量及其季节性和周年性变化规律。结果表明：猪粪中重金属种类以锌（Zn）、铜（Cu）、铬（Cr）为主，平均含量分别为（1 192.37±153.33）、（188.67±40.53） mg·kg-1和（83.76±58.79） mg·kg-1，铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）、砷（As）和汞（Hg）含量相对较低，平均含量分别为（4.51±2.57）、（0.98±0.75）、（0.22±0.04） mg·kg-1和（0.021±0.004） mg·kg-1。猪粪中主要重金属含量在不同年份、不同季节均表现出一定的差异性： Zn含量的年度差异在秋季最小、冬季最大；Cu含量年度差异在春季最小、夏季最大；Cr含量年度差异在秋季最小、夏季最大；Pb含量年度差异在冬季最小、夏季最大；Cd含量年度差异在夏季最小、秋季最大；不同季节As和Hg含量的年度差异均表现明显，且在冬季差异最大。研究表明，猪粪中重金属含量受季节、生长阶段、饲料配比以及防病抗病等因素的影响，应从源头严格控制饲料添加剂的用量，确保猪粪的高效资源化利用和粪肥的农田安全利用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Large amounts of feces are produced on pig farms in China, most of which is fermented to produce organic manure that is subsequently applied to farmland. In order to address environmental concerns regarding the contamination of soil by heavy metal residues and to apply livestock manure in a reasonable manner, it is of considerable practical importance to monitor and analyze the contents and change characteristics of heavy metals in pig manure. In this study, we monitored the contents and seasonal and annual changes of seven major heavy metals in swine manure over a period of 4 years at a swine farm in Tianjin. The results showed that zinc, copper, and chromium were the main heavy metals in swine manure, with average contents of(1 192.37±153.33) (, 188.67±40.53) mg·kg-1 and(83.76±58.79) mg·kg-1, respectively. The contents of lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury were found to be comparatively lower, with average contents of (4.51±2.57) (, 0.98±0.75) (, 0.22±0.04) mg·kg-1 and(0.021±0.004) mg·kg-1, respectively. Our results revealed that contents of the main heavy metals in swine manure differed according to year and season, which was found to be related to differences in the growth stage of pigs and the corresponding feed proportions. For zinc, chromium, lead, and cadmium, the differences between years were less pronounced than those between seasons. For copper, the annual and seasonal differences were obvious, whereas for arsenic and mercury there were notable annual differences. Collectively, the results revealed that the contents of heavy metals in swine manure are affected by season, the feed ratio at different stages of pig growth, and disease prevention and resistance measures. These findings thus indicate that in order to meet the resource utilization of swine manure and the safe utilization of manure-based organic fertilizers on farmland, it is necessary to strictly control the amounts of additives used in feed. |
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