|
| 牛粪化肥最优配比条件下不同轮作方式对稻田氮磷流失的影响 |
| Effects of different rotation patterns on nitrogen and phosphorus loss in paddy fields under an optimal ratio of cow manure and fertilizer |
| 投稿时间：2020-05-21 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2020.0270 |
| 中文关键词: 化肥，牛粪，轮作，稻田，氮磷流失 |
| 英文关键词: chemical fertilizer, cow manure, rotation, paddy field, nitrogen and phosphorus loss |
| 基金项目:云南省教育厅科学研究基金产业化培育项目（2016CY11）；云南省农田无公害生产创新团队项目（2017HC015） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 普燕爽 | 云南农业大学资源与环境学院, 云南省农业环境污染控制与生态修复工程实验室, 昆明 650201 | | | 王春雪 | 云南农业大学资源与环境学院, 云南省农业环境污染控制与生态修复工程实验室, 昆明 650201 | | | 陈建军 | 云南农业大学资源与环境学院, 云南省农业环境污染控制与生态修复工程实验室, 昆明 650201 | | | 李元 | 云南农业大学资源与环境学院, 云南省农业环境污染控制与生态修复工程实验室, 昆明 650201 | liyuan@ynau.edu.cn | | 祖艳群 | 云南农业大学资源与环境学院, 云南省农业环境污染控制与生态修复工程实验室, 昆明 650201 | | | 张克强 | 农业农村部大理农业环境科学观测实验站, 云南 大理 671004 | |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 1427 |
| 全文下载次数: 1655 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨牛粪化肥最优配比条件下不同轮作方式对稻田氮磷流失的影响，通过田间小区试验设置Y-OL（70%化肥+30%牛粪-黑麦草-水稻）、Y-OV（70%化肥+30%牛粪-紫花苕-水稻）、Y-ON（70%化肥+30%牛粪-冬闲-水稻）3种轮作处理，以C-ON（100%化肥-冬闲-水稻）为对照，研究不同轮作模式下水稻产量及稻田田面水、下渗水、径流中的总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）浓度变化特征。结果表明：不同处理田面水TN浓度在施穗肥后第2 d达到峰值，TP浓度在施基肥第2 d达到峰值，且最高值均出现在Y-ON处理； C-ON和Y-ON处理下渗水TN浓度在施基肥第2 d出现峰值，Y-OL和Y-OV处理下渗水TN浓度在施穗肥后第2 d出现峰值，在整个水稻生育期Y-OV处理下渗水TP浓度整体低于其他处理；不同处理间稻田氮磷径流流失量无显著差异，稻田氮磷径流流失量与降雨量极显著相关，且降雨量最大时，各处理TN径流流失量占径流流失总量的70.24%~73.42%，TP径流流失量占径流流失总量的35.12%~42.42%； Y-OV、Y-OL、Y-ON处理TN总流失量与C-ON相比分别降低43.92%、25.21%、35.74%，Y-OL、Y-ON处理TP总流失量与C-ON相比分别显著上升66.67%、13.13%，Y-OV处理TP总流失量与C-ON无显著差异； Y-OV、Y-OL、Y-ON各处理水稻产量与C-ON相比无显著差异。研究表明，70%化肥+30%牛粪施肥条件下，紫花苕-水稻的轮作方式可保证水稻产量，有效降低下渗水和径流中氮素流失量且维持较低水平的磷素流失量，是一种有效减少氮磷面源污染、增加土地利用效率的种植模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, based on a field plot experiment, we aimed to investigate the effects of different crop rotation methods on the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy fields under an optimal ratio of cow manure and fertilizer. To examine the changes in rice yield and total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) concentrations in paddy field surface water, infiltrated water, and runoff under different rotation patterns, we applied the following three rotation treatments:Y-OL(70% chemical fertilizer+30% cow manure-Lolium multiflorum Lamk.-rice); Y-OV(70% chemical fertilizer+30% cow manure-Vicia villosa Roth-rice); and Y-ON(70% chemical fertilizer+30% cow manure-winter fallow-rice). A conventional fertilization and tillage mode(C-ON:100% chemical fertilizer-winter fallow-rice) was used as a control treatment. The results reveled that the TN concentration in the surface water in different treatments peaked on the 2nd day after applying spiked fertilizer, the TP concentration peaked on the 2nd day of applying the basal fertilizer, and the highest values were obtained using the Y-ON treatment. In the C-ON and Y-ON treatments, the TN concentrations in infiltrated water peaked on the 2nd day of applying the basal fertilizer, whereas TN concentrations in the Y-OL and Y-OV treatments showed a peak on the 2nd day after applying panicle fertilizer. The overall TP concentration in infiltrated water during the entire rice growth period under Y-OV treatment was lower than other treatments. There were no significant differences in the amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff loss between paddy fields. The amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff loss in paddy fields were significantly correlated with rainfall, with TN runoff loss in each treatment accounting for 70.24%~73.42% of the total runoff loss, and TP runoff loss accounted for 35.12%~42.42% of the total runoff loss. Compared with the C-ON treatment, TN total loss in the Y-OV, Y-OL, and Y-ON treatments decreased by 43.92%, 25.21%, and 35.74%, respectively, whereas compared with C-ON, TP loss in the Y-OL and Y-ON treatments increased by 66.67% and 13.13%, respectively. However, TP total loss in the Y-OV treatment showed no significant difference from that in C-ON. Furthermore, we detected no significant differences in the rice yields obtained in the Y-OV, Y-OL, and Y-ON treatments and that obtained in the C-ON treatment. In summary, application of 70% chemical fertilizer + 30% cow dung fertilization in the Vicia villosa Roth-rice rotation system can ensure a high rice yield, effectively reduce the amounts of nitrogen loss in infiltration water and runoff, and maintain a low level of phosphorus loss, and can thus be considered an effective planting model for reducing non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution and enhancing land-use efficiency. |
| HTML
查看全文
查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| 关闭 |
|
|
|
