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| 生态空间格局优化与景观要素耦合视角下环水有机农业面源污染控制技术 |
| Agricultural non-point source pollution control technology based on coupling effects of agricultural spatialpattern and landscape elements by developing organic agriculture in watershed areas |
| 投稿时间：2020-04-26 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2020.0219 |
| 中文关键词: 有机农业，生态格局，景观要素，面源污染，耦合 |
| 英文关键词: organic agriculture, eco-spatial pattern, landscape element, non-point pollution, coupling |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2018YFF0213402）；国家土壤污染治理与修复技术应用试点项目（YNZDZB〔2017〕002，HX-WRCD-202004-0123） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 王磊 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042 | | | 席运官 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042 | | | 潘阳 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042 | | | 陈秋会 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042 | | | 和丽萍 | 云南省生态环境科学研究院, 昆明 650034 | | | 李丽娜 | 云南省生态环境科学研究院, 昆明 650034 | | | 吴见珣 | 云南省生态环境科学研究院, 昆明 650034 | | | 杨育文 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042 | | | 刘明庆 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042 | | | 杨涛明 | 云南省生态环境科学研究院, 昆明 650034 | | | 杨赵 | 云南省生态环境科学研究院, 昆明 650034 | | | 田伟 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042 | | | 高吉喜 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042 | gjx@nies.org |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 农村面源污染是水生态环境的主要问题之一，严重影响水体安全。本研究以环水有机农业为技术手段，从农业空间格局和景观要素之间的耦合作用视角，通过有机农业生态系统的生态功能控制面源污染，以期解决农业面源污染防治的关键问题。首先，在生态格局构建与优化方面，加强景观结构的合理布局，关注景观连接度，加强景观要素异质性，因地制宜构建湿地、生态岛、集水池等，既提高动物多样性，增强生态系统稳定性，减少化学农药投入，又能够实现养分的多级利用，从而阻控氮、磷等营养元素的迁移，延长面源污染的空间迁移路径。其次，增强景观要素的生态功能，提高半自然生境的面积比例，因地制宜构建生态沟渠、前置库等，有效衔接农业面源污染控制技术。再次，统筹合理施肥、堆肥、轮作套作以及生物防治等农艺措施，充分发挥空间格局与景观要素耦合功能。最后，以云南松华坝饮用水源地有机农场与常规农场为例，通过采用上述措施，显著提高了生物多样性，并减少氮流失820~1 093 kg·hm-2，减少磷流失273~364 kg·hm-2，减少农药流失2.2~2.5 kg·hm-2，有效控制了区域面源污染。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Agricultural non-point source pollution is a major ecological environment issue that seriously affects water safety. A new perspective based on the coupling effects of agricultural spatial-pattern and landscape elements to enhance the ecological function of the agricultural ecosystem and reduce non-point pollution risk was discussed in this study. Firstly, landscape connectivity and landscape heterogeneity should be emphasized to optimize the spatial pattern. Measures such as the building of wetlands, ecological islands, and collecting basins should be fully considered not only to improve animal diversity, strengthen ecological system stability, and reduce chemical pesticide input but also to adsorb and resist the migration of agricultural non-point pollution such as nitrogen and phosphorus, thereby realizing the multi-level utilization of nutrients and extending the space migration way of non-point source pollution. Secondly, enhancing the ecological function of landscape elements was suggested to control non-point pollution. Increasing the proportion of seminatural habitat areas, as well as building ecological ditches and pre-storages, was suggested for varying conditions. To fully consider the coupling function of spatial-pattern and landscape elements in reducing chemical fertilizer and pesticide inputs, agricultural measures such as rational fertilization, compost, rotation and intercropping, and biological control were also suggested. Finally, we took the organic farm in the Songhua dam area as an example to expound the coupling effects of these measures. The animal species were significantly increased and the agriculture service function was elevated; moreover, nitrogen, phosphorus, and pesticide loss were reduced by 820~1 093 kg·hm-2, 273~364 kg·hm-2, and 2.2~2.5 kg·hm-2, respectively. |
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