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| 施用生物质炭5年后夏玉米土壤呼吸研究 |
| Effect of biochar application on soil respiration in a summer maize crop after five years |
| 投稿时间：2020-02-12 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2020.0044 |
| 中文关键词: 生物质炭，风沙土，土壤呼吸，影响因子，温度敏感性 |
| 英文关键词: biochar, sandy soil, soil respiration, influencing factors, temperature sensitivity |
| 基金项目:天山雪松计划（2017XS08）；国家自然科学基金项目（31560171）；新疆农业大学研究生科研创新项目（XJAUGRI2019-019） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探明施用生物质炭对风沙土土壤呼吸及其组分的影响，在新疆石河子121团，以单施化肥（T0）为对照，探究了一次施加15.75（T1）、31.50（T2）、63.00 t·hm-2（T3）和126.00 t·hm-2（T4）生物质炭5年后农田风沙土土壤呼吸组分特征及其影响因素。结果表明：风沙土土壤呼吸与异养呼吸日动态均呈单峰曲线，峰值出现在13：00左右；T4处理日平均呼吸速率为2.74 μmol·m-2·s-1，显著高于其他处理（P<0.05）；生物质炭显著改变了土壤异养呼吸，对自养呼吸无显著影响。土壤呼吸速率随生物质炭施用量的增加显著增加，随玉米生育期的推进而降低。土壤呼吸速率与土层5、10、15 cm温度显著相关，与土壤含水率无显著相关性；土壤呼吸温度敏感性随生物质炭施用量的增加而增强。综上，生物质炭通过改变绿洲农田风沙土土壤异养呼吸进而改变总呼吸，增强了土壤呼吸的温度敏感性，促进了土壤CO2排放。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| A field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of biochar application on changes in soil respiration component characteristics and influencing factors in the Shihezi 121st group, Xinjiang, five years after the treatment. Five treatments were applied, namely a single application of chemical fertilizer(T0)and applications of 15.75(T1), 31.50(T2), 63.00 t·hm-2(T3), and 126.00 t·hm-2 (T4)of biochar. The diurnal dynamics of soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration in sandy soil showed a single peak curve, with the peak value appearing at approximately 13:00. The daily average respiration rate of the T4 treated soil was 2.74 μmol·m-2·s-1, which was significantly higher than that of the other treatments(P<0.05). Biochar application significantly changed soil heterotrophic respiration, while there was no significant effect on autotrophic respiration. The soil respiration rate significantly increased with the increase in the quantity of biochar and decreased with the growth period of maize. There was a significant correlation between the soil respiration rate and soil temperature at 5, 10, and 15 cm soil depths, but no significant correlation between soil respiration and soil water content. The temperature sensitivity of soil respiration increased with the increase of biochar application. Thus, biochar can change the total respiration of sandy soil in oasis farmlands by improving soil heterotrophic respiration. Biochar application also increased the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration and enhanced soil CO2 emissions. |
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