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| 3种改良剂对滨海盐碱地土壤理化性状及玉米生长的影响 |
| Effects of three amendments on the soil properties of and maize growth in coastal saline-alkali soils |
| 投稿时间：2020-03-24 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2020.0143 |
| 中文关键词: 改良剂，滨海盐碱土，玉米产量，土壤盐分，水稳性团聚体 |
| 英文关键词: amendment, coastal saline soil, maize yield, soil salt, water-stable aggregate |
| 基金项目:山东省重大科技创新工程项目（2019JZZY010723）；山东省农业科技资金课题（林业科技创新2019LY009）；山东省自主创新及成果转化专项（2014ZZCX07402） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 王德领 | 土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 山东农业大学资源与环境学院, 山东 泰安 271018 | | | 诸葛玉平 | 土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 山东农业大学资源与环境学院, 山东 泰安 271018 | zhugeyp@sdau.edu.cn | | 杨全刚 | 土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 山东农业大学资源与环境学院, 山东 泰安 271018 | sttzzy@sdau.edu.cn | | 娄燕宏 | 土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 山东农业大学资源与环境学院, 山东 泰安 271018 | | | 张行 | 邹城市良种繁育场, 邹城市农业局, 山东 济宁 273518 | | | 王会 | 土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 山东农业大学资源与环境学院, 山东 泰安 271018 | | | 潘红 | 土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 山东农业大学资源与环境学院, 山东 泰安 271018 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨不同改良剂对滨海盐碱地的改良效果及其对玉米生长的影响，采用盆栽试验研究了钙制剂（GZJ）、糠醛渣（KQZ）和风化煤（FHM）对中度滨海盐碱土理化性质及对玉米株高、叶绿素和产量的影响，试验处理（用量）分别为GZJ1（15 t·hm-2）、GZJ2（22.5 t·hm-2）、KQZ1（30 t·hm-2）、KQZ2（45 t·hm-2）、FHM1（30 t·hm-2）和FHM2（45 t·hm-2）。结果表明，与不添加改良剂（CK）相比较，3种改良剂均能提高盐碱土阳离子交换量（CEC），增幅为17.53%~49.45%，3种改良剂均能降低土壤容重和含盐量，两个用量的糠醛渣和较高量的风化煤均能降低土壤容重，降幅为7.80%~12.06%，降低土壤含盐量效果显著的是两个用量的风化煤和较低量的钙制剂，降幅为13.19%~19.33%；钙制剂和糠醛渣能显著提高水稳性团聚体（0.25~0.5 mm和0.5~1 mm）数量的百分比，分别提高了5.36~6.59个百分点和1.92~2.81个百分点，降低微团聚体（<0.25 mm）数量的百分比，降低了9.93~11.52个百分点。施用30 t· hm-2糠醛渣改善盐碱地土壤理化性质的综合效果最好。糠醛渣和风化煤明显增加玉米不同时期的株高和叶绿素含量（SPAD值），玉米成熟期株高增加了9.71%~13.09%，拔节期SPAD值提高了10.13%~16.44%。3种改良剂明显增加玉米穗粒数和单株产量，分别增加了15.97%~37.43%和25.86%~49.65%，30 t·hm-2糠醛渣增产效果最好。研究表明，钙制剂、糠醛渣和风化煤对中度滨海盐碱地均具有改良作用，均能提高玉米穗粒数和产量，3种改良剂不同用量间的改良效果无显著差异。糠醛渣的综合改良效果优于风化煤和钙制剂，30 t·hm-2糠醛渣综合改良效果最佳。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study explored the effects of different soil amendments-a calcium preparation(GZJ), furfural residue(KQZ), and weathered coal(FHM)on the improvement of moderately saline-alkali coastal soil and maize growth therein. The effects of the treatments on the physicochemical properties of the soil and on maize plant height, chlorophyll content(SPAD), and yield were studied via pot experiments, and the experimental dosage of each treatment was as follows:GZJ1(15 t·hm-2), GZJ2(22.5 t·hm-2), KQZ1(30 t·hm-2), KQZ2(45 t·hm-2), FHM1(30 t·hm-2), and FHM2(45 t·hm-2). The results showed that the three amendments significantly increased the cation exchange capacity(CEC) of saline-alkali soil by 17.53%~49.45%, compared to when no amendments were added. Three amendments reduced soil bulk density and salt content while two different doses of furfural slag and high levels of weathered coal reduced soil bulk density significantly by 7.80%~12.06%. Two different doses of weathered coal and a low dose of the calcium preparation reduced the soil salt content significantly by 13.19%~19.33%. In addition, the calcium preparation and furfural residue significantly increased the quantity of water-stable aggregates(0.25~0.5 mm and 0.5~1 mm, respectively), increasing these by 5.36~6.59 percentage points and 1.92~2.81 percentage points, respectively. The quantity of micro-aggregates(<0.25 mm)was decreased by 9.93~11.52 percentage points. The best treatment to improve the physicochemical properties of saline-alkali soil was KQZ1(30 t·hm-2 of furfural residue). Furfural slag and weathered coal significantly increased the plant height and SPAD of maize at different stages. The height of the maize plant at maturity increased by 9.71%~13.09% and the SPAD at jointing stage increased by 10.13%~16.44%. The three amendments increased the number of grains per ear and yield per plant by 15.97%~37.43% and 25.86%~49.65%, respectively; Once again, treatment KQZ1 had the best effect. The calcium preparation, furfural slag, and weathered coal all improved the moderately saline-alkali coastal soil and the kernel number and yield of maize. However, there was no significant difference between the three kinds of amendments in different dosages. The comprehensive effect of improvement with the use of furfural slag was better than those with the use of weathered coal and the calcium preparation; and treatment KQZ1 (30 t·hm-2)had the best comprehensive improvement effect among the furfural slag treatments. |
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