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| 养分专家系统推荐施肥对夏玉米生理特性及产量的影响 |
| Effects of Nutrient Expert recommended fertilization on physiological characteristics and yield of summer maize |
| 投稿时间：2020-11-18 修订日期：2020-12-28 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 推荐施肥 夏玉米 光合生理 肥料利用率 产量 |
| 英文关键词: nutrient expert summer maize photosynthetic physiology fertilizer utilization yield |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0301106); 河南农业大学青年英才专项基金(30500427) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】探究养分专家系统推荐施肥对夏玉米生理特性的影响,为其推广应用提供理论依据。【方法】2019年6月-10月于河南省鹤壁市、新乡市两地同步开展肥效田间试验,设置农户施肥(FP)、经验施肥(ST)、养分专家推荐施肥(NE)、缓控释肥(RNE,50%包膜氮肥、施肥量同NE)、在NE基础上不施氮肥(NE-N)、在NE基础上不施磷肥(NE-P)、在NE基础上不施钾肥(NE-K)等七个处理。以夏玉米‘浚单22’为试验材料,于关键生育期测试叶片叶绿素、冠层光合有效辐射(PAR)、光合速率和叶片解剖结构,并于成熟期测定产量,分析计算肥料利用特征,研究不同施肥量和施肥地点对夏玉米产量和光合生理特性的影响。【结果】结果表明：施肥有效提高夏玉米产量,基于养分专家系统的推荐施肥(NE、RNE)较磷钾配施(NE-N)、氮钾配施(NE-P)、氮磷配施(NE-K)处理相比分别增产21.63%、15.41%、16.17%。氮、磷、钾合理施用有效降低叶片胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、提高净光合速率(Pn),FPAR值对夏玉米整个生育的影响均较大。【结论】进一步研究表明,NE处理氮、磷、钾肥料利用率平均为29.63%、15.23%、40.55%,肥料农学效率分别是11.95 kg?kg-1、22.59 kg?kg-1、24.49 kg?kg-1。综上可知,氮磷钾合理施肥显著提高夏玉米生育期叶片的光合性能,提高肥料利用效率、促进干物质的合成,提高夏玉米产量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the effect of Nutrient Expert system on the physiological characteristics of summer maize, aiming to provide reference for popularization and application. It provides theoretical basis for its popularization and application. Field experiments were conducted during the June to October 2019 growing season at Hebi and Xinxiang city, Henan Province. There were seven treatments were set including farmer practice (FP), local official recommended fertilization (ST), Nutrient Expert recommend fertilization (NE), Nutrient Expert recommend fertilization with controlled-release N fertilizer (RNE), eliminating N, P or K input in the NE treatment (NE-N, NE-P and NE-K). In this experiment, Xundan 22 (maize) were used as materials to study the effects of the Nutrient Expert system on chlorophyll content, photosynthetically active radiation, photosynthetic characteristics and leaf anatomical structure in the summer maize leaves, and the yield was measured at the mature stage. The characteristics of fertilizer utilization were analyzed and calculated, and the effects of different fertilization rates and fertilization sites on the yield and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of summer maize were studied. The results showed that fertilization effectively improves summer maize yield, and compared with the NE-N, NE-P and NE-K, the summer maize yields increased by 21.63%, 15.41%, 16.17%, respectively based on the nutrient expert recommend fertilization (NE, RNE). Fertilizer application recommended by the nutrient expert for maize optimized the ratio of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilizer, could effectively reduce the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and increase the net photosynthetic rate (Pn). And the effect of Fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) on the whole growth of summer maize was higher. Moreover, based on the nutrient expert recommend fertilization, the fertilizer use efficiency of N, P2O5, and K2O was 59.63%, 15.23% and 40.55%, and agronomic efficiency was 11.95 kg?kg-1, 22.59 kg?kg-1, 24.49 kg?kg-1 respectively. In general, the recommended fertilization based on the nutrient expert systemsignificantly improved the photosynthetic characteristics of the leaves in the growing period of summer maize, improved the fertilizer utilization efficiency, promoted the synthesis of dry matter, and increased the yield of summer maize. |
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