秸秆还田深度对春玉米农田土壤有机碳、氮含量和土壤酶活性的影响

王峥宇; 廉宏利; 孙 悦; 马梓淇; 田平; 齐 华; 姜 英

文章摘要

秸秆还田深度对春玉米农田土壤有机碳、氮含量和土壤酶活性的影响

Effects of straw return depth on soil organic carbon, nitrogen content and soil enzyme activity of spring maize field

投稿时间：2020-07-16 修订日期：2020-08-30

DOI：

中文关键词: 秸秆还田旋耕还田深度土壤有机碳土壤酶

英文关键词: straw incorporation rotary tillage incorporation depth soil organic carbon soil enzyme.

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0300302，2017YFD03000703），辽宁省科学技术计划项目（2019JH2/10200004），中国博士后科学基金资助项目（2019M661130）

作者	单位	邮编
王峥宇	沈阳农业大学	110866
廉宏利	沈阳农业大学
孙悦	沈阳农业大学
马梓淇	沈阳农业大学
田平	沈阳农业大学
齐华	沈阳农业大学
姜英^*	沈阳农业大学	110866

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中文摘要:

为研究秸秆还田旋耕深度对土壤理化性质和酶活性的影响，明确不同秸秆还田深度条件下土壤理化性质与酶活性的关系。以3年（2016—2018年）田间微区定位试验为对象，研究秸秆处理（S1：秸秆还田；S2：秸秆移除）和旋耕深度（D1：10 cm；D2：20 cm；D3：30 cm）两因素，共计6个处理对东北春玉米农田土壤理化性质和酶活性的影响。结果表明：（1）旋耕深度（D）显著影响土壤有机碳（SOC）含量，与秸秆处理（S）交互作用显著，0~20 cm土层S1D1、S1D2处理SOC含量较S1D3处理分别高16.9%和14.6%，而20~40 cm土层S2D3处理SOC含量最高。（2）两处理因素及其交互作用对土壤硝态氮和铵态氮浓度、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性影响显著。秸秆处理间比较，在0~40 cm土层，D1、D2旋耕深度下秸秆还田处理硝态氮（NO3--N）含量比秸秆移除处理平均提高46.9%和34.9%，铵态氮（NH4+-N）含量平均降低31.6%和4.4%。在各旋耕深度下，S1较S2处理提高了0~20 cm土层蔗糖酶和脲酶活性，降低了20~30 cm土层过氧化氢酶活性。（3）相关分析表明，SOC、土壤全氮（TN）与NO3--N、NH4+-N含量、蔗糖酶呈显著正相关，与pH、土壤含水量（SWC）呈显著负相关；主成分分析表明，S1D2在0~40 cm土层及S1D1、S1D3分别在0~20、20~40 cm土层有利于SOC、土壤全氮（TN）和NO3--N含量及蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性的提高。综上所述，S1D2处理可改善0~40 cm土层养分水平，提高土壤酶活性，推荐为该区域玉米农田土壤培肥的合理秸秆还田方式。

英文摘要:

This study aims to determine the effect of straw return depth on soil physicochemical properties and enzymes activity, as well as the relationship between them under different straw return depth. In an in-situ field experiment with micro-plots conducted for 3 years (2016—2018), totally six treatments were set as straw (S1, straw incorporation; S2, straw removal) and rotary tillage depth factors (D1, 10 cm; D2, 20 cm; D3, 30 cm). And the individual and interactional effects on soil physical and chemical properties and enzymes activity of spring maize filed were determined in northeast China. Results indicated that: (1) soil organic carbon (SOC) was significantly affected by rotary tillage depth (D) and its interaction with straw (S) treatment (P<0.05), SOC contents under S1D1 and S1D2 were respectively 16.9% and 14.6% higher than S1D3 treatment at 0~20 cm soil layer, while the highest SOC content at 20~40 cm soil layer was observed from S2D3 treatment. (2) Soil nitrate (NO3--N) and ammonium (NH4+-N) contents, invertase and catalase activities were significantly influenced by straw and rotary-till depth treatments as well as their interaction (P<0.05). Across 0~40 cm soil layer, S1 treatment increased average 46.9% and 34.9% soil NO3--N contents under D1 and D2 conditions, but lowered average 31.6% and 4.4% soil NH4+-N contents, compared with S2 treatment. Among treatments of rotary-till depth, S1 treatment enhanced the soil invertase and urease activities at 0~20 cm layer and decreased catalase activity at 20~30 cm layer, compared to S2 treatment. (3) Correlation analysis presented that a significantly positive correlation existed between SOC, TN and soil NO3--N, NH4+-N content, as well as invertase. Both SOC and TN were highly negatively correlated with soil pH and SWC. The principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that SOC, soil TN, NO3--N content and enzymes activity were improved by S1D2 treatments in 0~40 cm soil layer, and by S1D1 and S1D3 treatments in 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil layer, respectively. Overall, soil nutrients level and enzymes activity in 0~40 cm layer were improved by S1D2 treatment, it might be considered as a suitable straw incorporation method for improving soil fertility in the maize field within study area.

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